Toth-Heart Anatomy

This helps reduce friction cause by the pumping action of the heart

Pericardial fluid

Describe the layers of the heart

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium pericardium; the pericardium is comprised of the inner visceral pericardium to the Percario space in the outer parietal pericardium a layer

What is a interventricular septum do?

Divides the left and right sides of the heart

Describe the flow of the blood from the right atrium

Right atrium, tricuspid valves, right ventricle, pulmonary artery through the pulmonary valves, to the lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, through the aortic valves to the aorta and body, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava

What are the cuspidal valves in the semi lunar valves?

Cuspidal valves are bicuspid (aka mitral) and tricuspid valve; semilunar valves are the aortic valve in the pulmonary valve

How does damage to the aortic valve affect the heart?

Will cause reduced flow in the coronary arteries

What structures will prevent backflow from the lungs

Pulmonary valve

What structure will prevent backflow from the right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve

What structure will prevent backflow from the left ventricle?

Mitral valve or bicuspid valve

What structure will prevent backflow from the aorta?

Aortic valve

When pressure in the right atrium exceeds the right ventricle what occurs? And when?

Blood will flow down from the atria to the ventricle; this is constantly happening, and at the end, the atria will contract for the final push of blood into the ventricle

When pressure in the right ventricle exceeds the right atrium, what occurs?

The tricuspid valve closes

When pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the left atrium of what occurs?

Closing of the bicuspid or mitral valve

What are the papillary muscles do?

They limit the level of closing of the valves to prevent prolapse of the AV valves

What did the tendinous cords do?

Help the papillary muscles limit the level closure of the AV valves

What if the papillary muscles do not function properly?

There will be blood flow back into the atrium from the ventricles and lead to pulmonary edema

Where is the location of the descending coronary artery?

The anterior interventricular sulcus

Is cardiac muscle striated?

yes it's striated

What's the purpose of the intercalated disc?

Help electrically propagate the signal between the cardiac muscle cells

Why did the cardiac muscle cells have lots of mitochondria?

Need lots of energy to pump the heart effectively

What's the function of the Desmosomes in cardiac muscle

They help physically move the muscle fibers

What's the function of the gap junctions in the cardiac muscle cells?

Allow for ions to flow between the muscle cells

Why, if you like oxygen will the muscle cells of the heart began to die?

Because 99% of function is aerobics so if coronary arteries are blocked the heart begins to die.

What happens at the junctions between cardiac myocytes?

Electrical and mechanical coupling via the intercalated disc: desmosomes and gap junctions