Heimler 5.1 - 5.2 QUIZ QUESTIONS

What are natural rights?

Rights given to you by God

What was the social contract?

Power to rule is in the hands of the people; willingly giving power to government who protects natural rights.

What was the importance of the American Revolution in this era?

First place to incorporate Enlightenment thought in government.

How did the Enlightenment influence the American Revolution?

Influenced people like Thomas Jefferson; emphasized natural rights and social contract.

What was the importance of the French Revolution in this era?

Inspired by American Revolution; incorporated Enlightenment thought; led to the end of monarchy.

What happened in Haiti?

Slave revolts led by Blacks; Haitians won and established a nation.

What were the New Zealand Wars?

British dominated the Maori; Maori fought back; British won by 1872.

What happened in Latin America?

More revolutions led by the creole class; Bolivar led creoles against Spain.

Who was Bolivar?

Leader of creoles against Spain; had Gran Colombia; outlined Enlightenment values in Jamaica Letter.

What was the importance of nationalism in this era?

Bonds people together; led to unifications.

How did the Italians unify?

Italy was divided; led by Count Cavour; used alliances and battles to unify Italy.

How did German unification occur?

Led by Otto von Bismarck; used wars to bring Germany together.

What was the Enlightenment?

An intellectual movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason to reconsider accepted ideas and social institutions.

What is empiricism?

Reality is discerned through the senses.

Who was John Locke?

Author of Two Treaties on Government; argued that the divine right of kings is flawed and that humans have natural rights like life and liberty.

What is nationalism?

Strong identification of a group of people who share an ethnic identity and language, leading to loyalty to a nation.

Who was Adam Smith?

Author of The Wealth of Nations; opposed mercantilism and promoted laissez

What is laissez-faire?

An economic philosophy meaning 'to let alone,' promoting minimal government intervention in the economy.

What is deism?

The belief that God created the universe but does not interfere with it, likened to a 'watchmaker.'

Define conservative.

A strong belief in tradition and the preference for practical ideas over ideology.

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?

Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women; advocated for women's education and equal opportunities.

How did the Enlightenment affect women?

Promoted rights, exemplified by the Seneca Falls Convention advocating for women's suffrage in the U.S.

How did the Enlightenment affect slavery?

Led to the abolitionist movement; slavery importation was banned in the U.S. in 1808, and serfs in Russia were freed in 1861.