Unit 4: Glaciers and Glacier Landforms

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35 Terms

1

Valley Glacier

A long narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.

<p>A long narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.</p>
2

Continental Glacier

A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.

<p>A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.</p>
3

ice ages

Times when much of Earth was covered with glaciers.

<p>Times when much of Earth was covered with glaciers.</p>
4

Plucking

When a glaciers picks up rocks as it flows over the land.

<p>When a glaciers picks up rocks as it flows over the land.</p>
5

Abrasion

When a glacier scratches the surface of the land it goes over.

<p>When a glacier scratches the surface of the land it goes over.</p>
6

Glacial till

Sediment transported by flowing ice and deposited beneath a glacier or at its toe.

<p>Sediment transported by flowing ice and deposited beneath a glacier or at its toe.</p>
7

Moraine

A ridge formed by the deposition of till at the end of a glacier.

<p>A ridge formed by the deposition of till at the end of a glacier.</p>
8

Cirque

A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier.

<p>A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier.</p>
9

Glacial Horn

When glaciers carve away the sides of a mountain and leave a sharpened peak.

<p>When glaciers carve away the sides of a mountain and leave a sharpened peak.</p>
10

U-shaped valley

A valley carved by a moving glacier.

<p>A valley carved by a moving glacier.</p>
11

Drumlin

A long mound of till that is smoothed in the direction of a glaciers flow.

<p>A long mound of till that is smoothed in the direction of a glaciers flow.</p>
12

Kettle lake

A lake formed when there is a depression left in the till from a glacier.

<p>A lake formed when there is a depression left in the till from a glacier.</p>
13

Arete

A sharp mountain ridge formed from two glaciers pinching land together.

<p>A sharp mountain ridge formed from two glaciers pinching land together.</p>
14

Fiord

A body of water formed with sea levels rise filling a valley once cut by a glacier.

<p>A body of water formed with sea levels rise filling a valley once cut by a glacier.</p>
15

Gravity

The thing that causes glaciers to move down hill.

<p>The thing that causes glaciers to move down hill.</p>
16

Glacial Calving

When parts of glaciers break off and fall into the ocean.

<p>When parts of glaciers break off and fall into the ocean.</p>
17

Glacial Retreat

When more of a glacier is melting than is being formed each year.

<p>When more of a glacier is melting than is being formed each year.</p>
18

Advancing

When more of a glacier is being formed than is melting each year.

<p>When more of a glacier is being formed than is melting each year.</p>
19

Alaska

A state with a lot of glaciers.

<p>A state with a lot of glaciers.</p>
20

Greenland

The home of a continental Glacier.

<p>The home of a continental Glacier.</p>
21

Fjord

Formed when the sea floods a glaciated valley

<p>Formed when the sea floods a glaciated valley</p>
22

Lateral moraine

A ridge of till along the sides of a valley glacier composed primarily of debris that fell to the glacier from the valley walls.

<p>A ridge of till along the sides of a valley glacier composed primarily of debris that fell to the glacier from the valley walls.</p>
23

Medial moraine

A moraine formed when two advancing valley glaciers come together to form a single ice stream, forms in the middle of the glacier.

<p>A moraine formed when two advancing valley glaciers come together to form a single ice stream, forms in the middle of the glacier.</p>
24

Terminal moraine

A moraine deposited at the point of furthest advance of a glacier or ice sheet.

<p>A moraine deposited at the point of furthest advance of a glacier or ice sheet.</p>
25

Glacial erratic

An ice-transported boulder that was not derived from the bedrock near its present site.

<p>An ice-transported boulder that was not derived from the bedrock near its present site.</p>
26

Glacial striations

Scratches and grooves on bedrock caused by glacial abrasion.

<p>Scratches and grooves on bedrock caused by glacial abrasion.</p>
27

Esker

Long ridge of material deposited by a meltwater stream flowing beneath a glacier.

<p>Long ridge of material deposited by a meltwater stream flowing beneath a glacier.</p>
28

Outwash plain

Area in front of a glacier in which melt water from the glacier has carried & deposited an abundance of sorted material.

<p>Area in front of a glacier in which melt water from the glacier has carried &amp; deposited an abundance of sorted material.</p>
29

Ice sheet

A very large, thick mass of glacial ice flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation center(s).

<p>A very large, thick mass of glacial ice flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation center(s).</p>
30

Alpine glaciers

Glaciers that originate high in the mountains in many of our National Parks. When they form in small bowls with steep sides (cirques), they are known as cirque glaciers.

<p>Glaciers that originate high in the mountains in many of our National Parks. When they form in small bowls with steep sides (cirques), they are known as cirque glaciers.</p>
31

Valley glacier

A glacier usually originating in a cirque at a valley head or in a plateau ice cap and flowing downward between the walls of a valley.

<p>A glacier usually originating in a cirque at a valley head or in a plateau ice cap and flowing downward between the walls of a valley.</p>
32

Tidewater or Freshwater glacier

These glaciers are formed on land but terminate in bodies of water. They often calve to produce floating chunks of glacier ice known as icebergs.

<p>These glaciers are formed on land but terminate in bodies of water. They often calve to produce floating chunks of glacier ice known as icebergs.</p>
33

Crevasses

Deep cracks that develop on the surface of a glacier.

<p>Deep cracks that develop on the surface of a glacier.</p>
34

Ice Falls

Like water falls in a river. They form in steep sections of the glacier and are characterized fast flow that can cause the ice to break into seracs.

<p>Like water falls in a river. They form in steep sections of the glacier and are characterized fast flow that can cause the ice to break into seracs.</p>
35

Glacier Ice Caves

Melting at the margin of a glacier may cause small caves to form within the ice, between the ice and the bedrock, or between the ice and the sediment beneath it.

<p>Melting at the margin of a glacier may cause small caves to form within the ice, between the ice and the bedrock, or between the ice and the sediment beneath it.</p>