[PCOG-LEC-SEMIS-02-PT2] ALKALOIDS

THIS FLASHCARDS IS ABOUT [PCOG] ALKALOIDS.

Pyridine

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Piperidine

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Quinoline

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Isoquinoline

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Pyrrolidine

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Tropane

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Indole

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Imidazole

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

Purine

IDENTIFY THE NITROGEN-CONTAINING RING STRUCTURE:

• Free alkaloids

• Alkaloidal salts

The (2) Extraction Methods of Alkaloids are based on the solubility of?

Method A

IDENTIFY THE EXTRACTION METHOD:

• Powdered material (has alkaloidal salts) moisten with alkaline substances (NaHCO₃, NH₄, Ca(OH)₂) to make alkaloids free (free base form)

• Add Organic solvent (Ether, chloroform) & shake with Aqueous acid

1. Sodium bicarbonate

2. Ammonium

3. Calcium hydroxide

Method A: Powdered material (has alkaloidal salts) moisten with alkaline substances like (1)____, (2)____, (3)____ to make alkaloids free (free base form).

• Ether

• Chloroform

Method A: What are the organic solvents added & shake with aqueous acids?

Method B (a)

IDENTIFY THE EXTRACTION METHOD:

Powdered material + H2O + aqueous alcohol containing dilute acid

• Use Organic solvents to remove pigments & unwanted materials

• PPT by addition of alkaline substances

• Filter/extract with organic solvent

Organic solvents

Method B (a): These are used to remove pigments and unwanted materials.

Alkali substances

Method B (a): PPT by addition of what substances?

Organic solvents

Method B (a): Filter/extract with what solvents?

Method B (b)

IDENTIFY THE EXTRACTION METHOD:

For volatile liquid alkaloids (coniine, nicotine)

• Powdered material + H2O

• Make alkaline with alkaline substances

• Distill, Collect, & purify

Volatile liquid alkaloids

Method B (b) is for?

• Coniine

• Nicotine

What are the (2) Examples of Volatile Liquid Alkaloids?

Wagner’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: Iodine in KI

• Positive Result: Red-brown

1. Iodine in Potassium iodide

2. Red-brown

Wagner’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Mayer’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: K mercuric iodide

• Positive Result: Cream

1. Potassium mercuric iodine

2. Cream

Mayer’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Valser’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: Mercuric iodide (HgI₂)

• Positive Result: White

1. Mercuric iodide (HgI₂)

2. White

Valser’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Dragendorff’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: K bismuth iodide

• Positive Result: Orange

1. Potassium bismuth iodide

2. Orange

Dragendorff’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Bouchdart’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: Iodine in KI (most sensitive, 10x conc.)

• Positive Result: N/A

1. Iodine in Potassium Iodide

2. N/A

Bouchdart’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Marme’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: K Cadmium iodide

• Positive Result: Yellow

1. Potassium cadmium iodide

2. Yellow

Marme’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Sonnencheim’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: Phosphomolybdic acid

• Positive Result: N/A

1. Phosphomolybdic acid

2. N/A

Sonnencheim’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Schleibler’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: Phosphotungstic acid

• Positive Result: N/A

1. Phosphotungstic acid

2. N/A

Schleibler’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Hager’s

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: Picric acid

• Positive Result: Intense yellow

1. Picric acid

2. Intense yellow

Hager’s:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

Tannic acid

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL TEST:

• Composition: N/A

• Positive Result: Brown ppt

1. N/A

2. Brown ppt

Tannic acid:

What is the:

1. Composition:

2. Positive result:

• Wagner’s

• Mayer’s

• Valser’s

• Dragendorff’s

• Bouchdart’s

• Marme’s

• Sonnencheim’s

• Schleibler’s

• Hager’s

• Golden compounds

• Tannic acid

What are the (11) Chemical Tests for Alkaloids?