BSC2086L E.8 Respiratory Physiology
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13 Terms
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pulmonary ventilation
The combined act of inspiration and expiration.
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inspiration
• The movement of air from the outside environment to the alveoli.
• Caused by lowering of the intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures.
• The diaphragm and external intercostals are the principal muscles responsible.
• Also known as inhalation.
• Caused by lowering of the intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures.
• The diaphragm and external intercostals are the principal muscles responsible.
• Also known as inhalation.
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expiration
• The movement of air from the alveoli to the outside environment.
• Cause by raising of the intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures.
• The internal intercostals are the principal muscles responsible.
• Also known as exhalation.
• Cause by raising of the intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures.
• The internal intercostals are the principal muscles responsible.
• Also known as exhalation.
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external respiration
• The movement of oxygen out of the alveoli and into the capillaries; the movement of carbon dioxide out of the capillaries and into the alveoli.
• Caused by pressure differences in the gases.
• Caused by pressure differences in the gases.
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internal respiration
The diffusion of oxygen out of the bloodstream and into the body cells; the diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the body cells and into the alveoli.
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tidal volume
• The volume of air moving into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing.
• Typical values: 500 mL (M) / 500 mL (F).
• Abbreviated V₁.
• Typical values: 500 mL (M) / 500 mL (F).
• Abbreviated V₁.
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inspiratory reserve volume
• The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled above tidal volume.
• Typical values: 3,300 mL (M) / 1,900 mL (F).
• Abbreviated IRV.
• Typical values: 3,300 mL (M) / 1,900 mL (F).
• Abbreviated IRV.
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expiratory reserve volume
• The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume.
• Typical values: 1,000 mL (M) / 700 mL (F).
• Abbreviated ERV.
• Typical values: 1,000 mL (M) / 700 mL (F).
• Abbreviated ERV.
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residual volume
• The volume of air that remains in the respiratory system after a maximal exhalation.
• Typical values: 1,200 mL (M) / 1,100 mL (F).
• Abbreviated RV.
• Typical values: 1,200 mL (M) / 1,100 mL (F).
• Abbreviated RV.
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inspiratory capacity
• The sum of the tidal and inspiratory reserve volumes.
• Abbreviated IC.
• Abbreviated IC.
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functional residual capacity
• The sum of the expiratory reserve and residual volumes.
• Abbreviated FRC.
• Abbreviated FRC.
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vital capacity
• The sum of the inspiratory reserve, tidal, and expiratory reserve volumes.
• Abbreviated VC.
• Abbreviated VC.
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total lung capacity
• The sum of the inspiratory reserve, tidal, expiratory reserve, and residual volumes.
• Abbreviated TLC.
• Abbreviated TLC.
Note 
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