PSYC-1-01: Quiz#9

Reading: Stress p. 486-487

Judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might involve

*Match the term on the right with the correct description on the left.

Primary appraisal

Reading: Stress p. 486-487

Judgment of options available to cope with a stressor and their potential effectiveness

*Match the term on the right with the correct description on the left.

Secondary appraisal

Reading: Stress p. 486-487

Process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraises as overwhelming or threatening to one’s well-being

*Match the term on the right with the correct description on the left.

Stress

Reading: Stress p. 486-487

Environmental events that may be judged as threatening or demanding; stimuli that initiate the stress process

*Match the term on the right with the correct description on the left.

Stressor

Reading: Stress p. 486-488

Based on the reading, which of the following statements about stress is FALSE?

All stressors lead to harm, loss, or negative consequences.

Reading: Stress p. 488-489

Diana and Grace are enrolled in the same math class. They both find the course is very challenging. However, they approach it differently.

Diana puts effort into studying and ends up doing well. At the end of the term, Diana feels a positive sense of accomplishment.

Grace puts off studying and ends up getting a low grade in the course. At the end of the term, Grace feels unhappy.

Which of the following options best characterizes this scenario?

Diana's experience characterizes eustress, whereas Grace's experience better reflects distress.

Reading: Stress p. 489-490

According to the reading, how has the prevalence of people's reported stress changed over recent years?

A higher percentage say stress has increased than those who say it has decreased or stayed the same.

Reading: Stress p. 489-490

T/F: The subfield of psychology devoted to understanding psychological influences on health and illness is known as medical psychology.

False

Reading: Stress p. 490-491

In the reading, comparisons of changes from 1983 to 2009 in stress levels for different demographic groups is summarized.

Which one of the following is TRUE?

Stress levels were lowest among persons aged 65 and up.

Reading: Stress p. 492-494

Which of the following statements about Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome is TRUE?

None of the above

Reading: Stress p. 493-494

Which stage of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome is associated with the high autonomic arousal associated with the fight-or-flight response?

alarm

Reading: Stress p. 493-494

No longer able to adapt to the stressor, likelihood of health problems

*Match the description on the left with the correct stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome on the right.

Exhaustion

Reading: Stress p. 493-494

Body adapts to stressor but remains on alert

*Match the description on the left with the correct stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome on the right.

Resistance

Reading: Stress p. 493-494

Fight-or-flight reaction

*Match the description on the left with the correct stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome on the right.

Alarm

Reading (and lecture): Stress p. 494-495

The HPA Axis is the body's physiological response to stress. Which of the following is CORRECT?

ACTH directs the adrenal glands to release cortisol and other stress hormones, which activate the autonomic nervous system.

Reading: Stress p. 496

Stressful events that persist over extended time

*Match the description on the left with the correct term on the right.

Chronic stressors

Reading: Stress p. 496

Stressful single events experiences as overwhelming

*Match the description on the left with the correct term on the right.

Acute stressors

Reading: Stress p. 496

Event that threatens death or serious injury

*Match the description on the left with the correct term on the right.

Traumatic events or situations

Reading: Stress p. 496

Events that require changes in our ongoing lives

*Match the description on the left with the correct term on the right.

Life changes

Reading: Stress p. 496-499

According to the reading, which one of the following statements about stressors is FALSE?

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) is widely accepted as a measure of stress, and it has received no criticism.

Reading: Stress p. 499-501

Which of the following statements about occupation-related stressors is FALSE?

Job strain refers to a general sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism about one's job.

Reading: Stress p. 502-507

Which of the following statements about psychophysiological disorders is TRUE?

All of the above

Reading: Stress p. 507-510

Which of the following statements about Type A and Type B behavior patterns is TRUE?

Persons prone to hostile behavior may lead other people to become defensive and avoid them. In turn, this may reinforce the hostile person's anger and mistrust.

Reading: Stress p. 510-513

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Research indicates asthma attacks are triggered by psychological factors such as anxiety. However, exposure to stressful experiences does not appear related to asthma.

Reading: Stress p. 514

Attempting to manage or alter the problem causing stress.

*A distinction is made between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles.

Problem-focused (definition)

Reading: Stress p. 514

After getting a low score on midterm, a student sets aside study time for each day.

*A distinction is made between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles.

Problem-focused (example)

Reading: Stress p. 514

Efforts to change or reduce the negative emotions associated with stress.

*A distinction is made between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles.

Emotion-focused (definition)

Reading: Stress p. 514

After their sports team loses a match, the person watches their favorite comedy movie.

*A distinction is made between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles.

Emotion-focused (example)

Reading: Stress p. 515-517

The reading explains how people's perceptions of control in their lives affects their ability to manage and cope with stressors.

Which of the following does the reading describe as occurring when people do not feel like they have control over stressors?

learned helplessness

Reading: Stress p. 517-518

According to the reading on social support, which one of the following is FALSE?

Social support appears to be seen only among humans and not other animals.

Reading: Stress p. 519

As described in the reading, discrimination can be a significant stressor for marginalized groups, and especially those who belong to multiple marginalized groups based on race/ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, etc.

According to the reading, which of the following statements is TRUE?

All of the above

Reading: Stress, p. 519-520

Which of the following can be effective stress reduction techniques?

All of the above

Reading: Stress p. 521-526

According to the reading on happiness, which of the following is FALSE?

Parenthood is strongly related to greater levels of happiness.

Reading: Stress p. 526-528

The science of people's strengths that leads them to lead happy and contented lives.

*The reading describes research on positive psychology.

Positive psychology

Reading: Stress p. 526-528

Pleasurable engagement with the environment.

*The reading describes research on positive psychology.

Positive affect

Reading: Stress p. 526-528

General tendency to look on the bright side of things.

*The reading describes research on positive psychology.

Optimism

Reading: Stress p. 526-528

An experience that is engaging and engrossing--in which people can lose themselves.

*The reading describes research on positive psychology.

Flow

Lecture: Emotion

High intensity and high pleasantness

*The two dimensions of emotions were described in lecture.

Happy

Lecture: Emotion

High intensity and low pleasantness

*The two dimensions of emotions were described in lecture.

Angry

Lecture: Emotion

Low intensity and high pleasantness

*The two dimensions of emotions were described in lecture.

Calm

Lecture: Emotion

Low intensity and low pleasantness

*The two dimensions of emotions were described in lecture.

Bored

Lecture: Emotion

Which one of the following statements about emotions is FALSE?

Primary emotions require the abilities for cognitive appraisal of social situations, self-awareness, and internalizing standards and rules for behavior.

Lecture: Emotion

The emotion of joy sends signals to the individual to continue a pleasurable activity. At the same time, it sends signals to other people that promote bonding.

As explained in lecture, this type of explanation is based on:

the adaptive function of emotions.

Lecture: Stress

Evaluate whether the stressor is a challenge or a threat

*The cognitive appraisal of stress was reviewed in class.

Primary appraisal

Lecture: Stress

Evaluate potential responses that are effective

*The cognitive appraisal of stress was reviewed in class.

Secondary appraisal if stress is low threat

Lecture: Stress

Determine there are no effective options

*The cognitive appraisal of stress was reviewed in class.

Secondary appraisal if stress is high threat

Lecture: Stress

In class, different coping strategies were reviewed. Some types of coping have been found to usually be ineffective -- meaning they do not lessen people's stress. Other strategies have been found effective -- meaning they usually reduce people's stress.

Of the following strategies, which one is considered effective?

tension reduction

Lecture: Stress

Findings ways to directly address the source of stress

*Effective coping strategies were described.

Problem-focused strategy

Lecture: Stress

Finding someone who can listen and provide support

*Effective coping strategies were described.

Emotion-focused strategy: emotional support

Lecture: Stress

Bringing a friend meals while they are recovering from an illness

*Effective coping strategies were described.

Emotion-focused strategy: instrumental support

Lecture: Stress

Meditating and getting exercise each day while studying for final exams

*Effective coping strategies were described.

Emotion-focused strategy: tension reduction

Lecture: Stress

Meditation

Sit down, close your eyes, and focus on your breath and bodily sensations. In addition, you might repeat a word or sound ("relax" or "om") to yourself.

(Mindful breathing can be part of meditation but meditation usually includes additional practices)

Lecture: Stress

Mindful breathing

Pay attention to each inhale and exhale, and notice the rise and fall of your chest and abdomen.