Crime and Deviance 5

How much of the prison population is women?

5%

Who argued chivalry thesis?

Pollak

What is chivalry thesis?

Women are treated less harshly in courts

What is the evidence for chivalry thesis and who found it?

Graham and Bowling - self-report sample of 14-25 year olds found that the ratio for men offending was higher in OCS

What is a criticism of self-report sampling?

Some may not come forward if committed worse crimes - usually men

What is a criticism of chivalry thesis?

Heidensohn - women treated more harsh when not feminine

How does Parsons’ sex role theory link to crime?

Socialisation makes women more submissive and less criminal

What is a criticism of Parsons’ sex role theory to explain crime?

Biologically deterministic

Who created patriarchal control theory?

Heidensohn

What is patriarchal control theory?

Women don’t have opportunity to commit as they are controlled constantly

What is a criticism of patriarchal control theory

Outdated - legislation protects women from this

Who created class and gender deal theory?

Carlen

What is class and gender deal?

If deals aren’t available it leads to crime

What was Carlen’s study?

39 female criminals aged 15-46 proving her theory

What is the issue with Carlen’s study?

• Not representative

• People can get support and break labels

Who came up with liberation thesis?

Adler

What is liberation thesis?

Women commit as they have more freedom

Who argued ladettte females?

Denscombe

What does ladette mean?

Women who are taking on male characteristics

What is an example of a crime committed due to liberation?

Elizabeth Holmes fraud blood tests

What is a criticism of liberation thesis?

Only affects middle class

Who argued hegemonic masculinity?

Messerschmidt

What is hegemonic masculinity?

Dominant form most men aspire towards

What is subordinated masculinity?

Expressing qualities opposite to hegemonic masculinity

What is a criticism of hegemonic masculinity?

Not all men

Who argued edgework?

Katz and Lyng

What is edgework?

Do it for the thrill

What is the percentage of BAME in prison compared to population?

27% compared to 18% overall

What did Phillips and Bowling argue?

Black males 6 times more likely to be stopped and searched

What is a criticism of Phillips and Bowling and who stated it?

Waddington (et al) - available population

What did Hall argue?

Moral panic criminalised black males

What is an evaluation of police racism?

Lea and Young - most crimes are reported by public