Cause of rebellion/ Richards absence

What ecclesiastical position did William Longchamp hold?

Papal legate. Holding the position of papal legate as well as the 13 shires, and the significant positions of authority that he held in addition, fostered discontent towards his unbalanced and irregular amount of power/ barons not happy. close with richard= rixhard’s decision to give him power.

How many shires did William Longchamp have influence over?

over 13. William was able to gain these positions as he was close w Richard, shows how richard was the one who made the decision to give William power, so can’t be entirely William’s fault.

When did John forge an alliance with Phillip II?

in 1193. when richard was captured, =taking advantage people believe richard is dead so not an issue entirely against richard, but longchamp.

Whose seizure prompted William Longchamps downfall?

Geoffrey of York. Richard wanted to make Geoffrey busy with this position as he is an Alternative claimant.- longchamp and geoffrey had conflict as William wanted control over the Neoth, so this led to him arresting Geoffrey.

Which castles did John capture with Philip’s help in 1193?

Wallingford and Windsor. before,1191 nottingham and tickhill- gerard de camville.

hamelin de warren supported william lonchamp= support as figurehead not ac.

Who was sent by Richard to resolve the crisis?

Walter of Coutances. Walter failed due to being excommunicated by longchamp, which meant that Eleanor had to step in.

Who helped Walter and William reconcile their disagreement?

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Shows that Richard did make effective preparations before he left as Eleanor could deal with this properly, as well as regency council who was made from justiciars from kings bench.

How large was the tax placed upon both the laity and the clergy to pay for the ransom?

it was 25%. This was a new unprecedented tax, was placed on all possessions and assets rather than just land as it had been with predecessors, Barons would be frustrated = discontent because this new tax is not customary, also the fact they have to pay more tax than before would fuel discontent.- barons only previously accepted to pay tax due to an actual reason like having good relations with the king, and also if the tax is customary, also for religious purposes, e.g saladins pief.

What was Richard’s ransom set at?

150,000 marks. This large amount necessitated large amount of tax to be levied, also, John used richard’s absence by saying he was killed, this caused barons to go to Johns side.

Who became Archbishop of canterbury in 1193?

Hubert Walter. Hubert walter became the most powerful official, (ABC + CJ + papal legate).