Nucleic Acids

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monomers of nucleic acids

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nucleotides

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examples of nucleic acids

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DNA: carries instructions for making proteins

RNA; carry out and interpret the instructions coded in the DNA

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20 Terms

1

monomers of nucleic acids

nucleotides

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2

examples of nucleic acids

DNA: carries instructions for making proteins

RNA; carry out and interpret the instructions coded in the DNA

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3

what makes up nucleotides

  • pentose sugar - deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA (OH group on C2 so has extra oxygen)

  • Nitrogenous Base - Adenine and Guanine - purines having two ring structure a hexagon and pentagon

    Thymine , Uracil (RNA) or Guanine, they are pyrimidines having 1 ring - hexagon

  • phosphate group - makes nucleic acid acidic

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4

acronyms

PURe As Gold

purine

in PYRamids U C Tombs

pyrimidine

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5

purine structure vs pyrimidine structure

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6

what do nucleosides consist of

pentose sugar and nitrogenous base only

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7

bonds of nucleotides

phosphodiester bond between sugar and phosphate group of next one

via a CONDENSATION REACTION

<p>phosphodiester bond between sugar and phosphate group of next one </p><p>via a <strong>CONDENSATION REACTION </strong></p>
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8

what makes up the sugar-phosphate back bone

alternating sugar molecules (deoxyribose in DNA) and phosphate groups. The sugar of one nucleotide connects to the phosphate of the next nucleotide by a phosphodiester bond

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9

DNA full name

deoxyribonucleic acid

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10

shape of DNA

double helix

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11

draw DNA

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12

what makes it possible to copy DNA

complimentary base pairing - Complementary base pairing makes DNA copying easier because each base has a matching partner (A with T, C with G). When DNA splits, the matching bases help build a new, identical strand.

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13

what is complimentary base pairing

Complementary base pairing is the way nitrogenous bases in DNA pair up with each other following specific rules

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14

what are two complimentary polynucleotide strands held together by

  • hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases of adjacent nucleotides

  • A only bonds to T via 2 H bonds

  • C only bond to G via 3 H bonds

<ul><li><p>hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases of adjacent nucleotides </p></li><li><p>A only bonds to T via 2 H bonds</p></li><li><p>C only bond to G via 3 H bonds </p></li></ul><p></p>
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15

what does it mean by antiparallel

the two dna strands run in opposite directions 3’ to 5’ and the other 5’ to 3’

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16

RNA full name

ribonucleic acid

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17

what is RNA made up of

1 polynucleotide strand

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18

does complimentary base pairing in RNA occur

yes

A binds to U

and c binds to G

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19

types of rna

mRNA - messanger RNA takes DNA out of the cell and gives instructions

tRNA - transfer RNA; brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome

rRNA- ribosomal RNA, makes up ribosomes are helps form ribosomes structure and helps assemble proteins

(catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids)

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20

How does complimentary base pairing make it possible to copy DNA with little errors

the way bases pair follow strict rules, only adenine can bond with thymine etc. etc.

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