Studied by 30 people
AI wrote almost all the terms so cut me some slack
Matriarchal Family
A social structure where women hold the primary power and authority within the family unit, making key decisions and passing down inheritance through the maternal line.
Patriarchal Family
The father or eldest male is the head of the household, making decisions and holding authority. It is characterized by male dominance, inheritance passing through male lineage, and limited roles for women.
Nuclear Family
A family unit consisting of a married couple and their dependent children, living together under one household.
Extended Family
Relatives beyond immediate family; includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins; provides a wider network of support and connection.
Customs
A recent norm - secret handshake
Traditions
Customs, beliefs, and practices passed down through generations shape cultural identity and provide a sense of belonging. They include rituals, celebrations, and social norms, reflecting community values and preserving heritage.
Norms/Values
The unwritten rules and shared beliefs that guide behavior in a society or group, shaping what is considered appropriate or acceptable.
Societal Status
The position or rank a person holds in society, often determined by factors like wealth, occupation, education, and social connections. It influences one's privileges, opportunities, and how they are perceived by others.
Monotheistic
Belief in one supreme deity. Example: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
Ploytheistic
Religion that believes in multiple gods.
Dictatorship
Form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single ruler or small group, who exercise absolute control over the state.
Monarchy
A form of government where a single person, usually a king or queen, holds supreme power.
Democracy
System of government where power is vested in the people, who elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. Promotes individual freedoms, equality, and participation.
Free Market Economy
Resources and produces goods and services are based on supply and demand. It has minimal government intervention. Individuals and businesses make their own economic decisions. Prices are determined by buyers and sellers, creating a self-regulating market.
Command Economy
A system where the government has full control over the production and allocation of goods and services. Decisions are made by central planning authorities.
Traditional Economy
An economic system that relies on customs, traditions, and cultural beliefs. It focuses on subsistence farming, hunting, and gathering, with limited use of modern technology. Barter and trade are common, and economic choices are influenced by long-established customs and norms rather than individual preferences or market dynamics.
Mixed Economy
A system that combines elements of both a market economy and a planned economy, allowing for private ownership and government intervention in economic activities.
Latitude
North and south of the equator.
Elevation
The vertical distance between a point on the Earth's surface and a reference point, usually sea level.
Windward
The side of a mountain that is hit by the wind
Leeward
The side of a mountain or object that is sheltered from the wind.
Innovation
The process of introducing new ideas, products, or methods that bring about positive change and improvement in various fields.
Diffusion
The spread of cultural beliefs, ideas, customs, and practices from one society to another.
Acculturation
The adoption of certain aspects of one culture by members of another culture, leading to cultural blending and adaptation.
Assimilation
Complete joining of someone to a different culture
Ethnocentrism
The belief in the superiority of one's own cultural group, leading to the evaluation of other cultures based on one's own standards.
Cultural Relativism
The belief that cultural practices and beliefs should be understood and evaluated within their own cultural context, without imposing one's own values or judgments.
Cultural Competence
The ability to understand, appreciate, and interact effectively with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, including awareness of cultural norms, values, and beliefs.
Developed Country
A country with a high level of industrialization and a well-established infrastructure, providing its citizens with a high standard of living, advanced healthcare, and education.
Developing Country
A nation with a lower level of economic development, often characterized by a lower GDP, limited industrialization, and a higher poverty rate.
GDP per capita
A measure of a country's economic output per person. It is calculated by dividing the total GDP of a country by its population.
Literacy Rate
The percentage of people who can read and write with understanding.
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given population in a specific time period.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a person is expected to live, based on factors such as age, gender, and health conditions.
HDI
Measure of a country's overall economic performance, combining indicators like life expectancy, education, and income
Subsistence Farming
A type of farming where people produce only enough food to meet their own needs.
Industrialization
The process of developing industries and manufacturing on a large scale, typically involving the use of machinery and the transformation of an agrarian-based society into an industrial one.
Rainforest
A dense and diverse ecosystem found in tropical regions with high rainfall.
Savanna
A biome characterized by grasslands dotted with scattered trees and shrubs. It has a distinct wet and dry season, with a hot climate. Supports a diverse range of herbivores and predators.
Desert
An arid biome characterized by low precipitation and extreme temperatures, with sparse vegetation and limited animal life.
Steppe/Sahel
A semi-arid grassland region characterized by low rainfall and sparse vegetation. It serves as a transitional zone between desert and more fertile areas.
Economic Dependence
When one country relies heavily on another country for economic resources, such as imports and investments, leading to a relationship of interdependence and vulnerability.
Congo Basin
A vast tropical rainforest region in Central Africa, spanning across multiple countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Resistance to Colonization
The act of opposing and challenging the colonization of a territory or the imposition of foreign control, often through protests, uprisings, and armed resistance.
Mediterranean
Region known for its mild climate, diverse cultures, and rich history.
Great Rift Valley
A geological feature in East Africa formed by tectonic plate movements. It stretches over 6,000 km and is home to diverse ecosystems and rich biodiversity.
Escarpment
A steep slope or cliff formed by erosion or faulting, often found between different elevations.
Desertification
The process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, resulting in the transformation of fertile land into desert. It is caused by climate change, overgrazing, deforestation, and improper agricultural practices.
Arable
Land that is suitable for growing crops.
Arid
Little to no rain - Not good for farming
Characteristics of a Civilization
Complex social structure, including a hierarchy of classes. Development of written language and record-keeping systems. Advanced technology and infrastructure. Agricultural practices to support a settled lifestyle. Specialization of labor. Cultural and artistic achievements. System of government and laws. Trade networks for economic growth.
Colonialism
The economic and political domination of one country by another, often involving the exploitation of resources and the imposition of cultural and social control.
Imperialism
The policy where a strong nation extends its power and influence over weaker countries through economic, political, or military means.
Cash crops
Agricultural products grown for profit rather than personal use. They are cultivated on a large scale and sold in the market for monetary gain.
Infrastructure
The basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, such as transportation, communication, and power systems. It includes roads, bridges, buildings, water and sewage systems, and other essential facilities that support economic and social activities.
Ganges Plain
Vast alluvial plain in northern India, formed by the Ganges River. Fertile and densely populated, it is known as the "breadbasket of India" and supports agriculture and industry.
Ganges River
River in South Asia, flows through India and Bangladesh. Sacred to Hindus. Supports agriculture and provides water for millions of people.
Himalayas
Mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. Home to Mount Everest, the world's highest peak. Rich in biodiversity and cultural heritage.
Monsoon
Seasonal wind pattern that brings heavy rainfall to a region, typically occurring in tropical and subtropical areas. It is characterized by a reversal of wind direction and can cause floods or droughts.
Arranged Marriage
Traditional practice where parents or elders choose a spouse for an individual based on social, cultural, or economic factors, rather than personal preference.
Parliamentary
A system of government where the executive branch is led by a Prime Minister and their cabinet, who are elected members of the legislative branch.
Joint Family
A family structure where multiple generations live together in one household, sharing responsibilities and resources.
Dowry
A payment or property given by the bride's family to the groom at the time of marriage. It is a traditional practice in some cultures and serves as financial support for the newlyweds.
Brahman
The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic power in Hinduism. It is an abstract concept representing the eternal, infinite, and unchanging essence of the universe.
Atman
The concept of self or soul in Hinduism and Buddhism. It is believed to be the eternal and unchanging essence of an individual that transcends physical existence and is connected to the ultimate reality or divine.
Moksha
The ultimate goal of Hinduism representing liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. It is achieved through self-realization and union with the divine.
Coalition
A temporary alliance formed by different individuals or groups with shared interests or goals to achieve a common objective.
Karma
The concept in Hinduism that states one's actions in this life will determine their fate or destiny in future lives.
Dharma
Moral and ethical duties and principles that guide one's life in Hinduism
Reincarnation/Samsara
The belief in the cycle of rebirth, where the soul is continuously born into new bodies after death.
Puja
A Hindu ritual of worship and devotion. It involves offering prayers, flowers, incense, and food to deities.
Yoga
A physical, mental, and spiritual practice originating in ancient India.
Caste
A rigid social hierarchy in Hinduism, determining a person's occupation, social status, and marriage options.
British East India Co.
The company that established trade in India in the 17th century, eventually gaining control over large parts of the country. It played a significant role in British colonialism and monopolized trade, leading to political and economic dominance in India
Mohandas Ghandi
Indian political and spiritual leader who advocated for nonviolent resistance against British colonial rule in India. He played a key role in India's independence movement and is known for his principles of peace, truth, and nonviolence.
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Instrumental in the creation of Pakistan, advocating for a separate Muslim state. First Governor-General of Pakistan. Known as "Quaid-e-Azam" (Great Leader). Fought for the rights of Muslims in British India.
Partition of India
It resulted in the division of British India into two separate nations, India and Pakistan. Led to widespread violence, displacement, and migration of millions of people.
Pakistan
Country in South Asia with a population of over 220 million. Capital is Islamabad. Official languages are Urdu and English. Known for its rich history, diverse culture, and beautiful landscapes.
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