emerging country (india)

What are the positive impacts of economic development + globalisation on people?

• New jobs + skills (brought in by TNCs) especially benefit young migrants

• Reduced poverty worldwide

• New technology can reduce workload for rural women

What are the negative impacts of economic development + globalisation on people?

• TNCs may decide to pull out of a country, causing unemployment

• Economic development has increased inequality between the rich and the poor

• Pace of change is rapid; people feel our of place

How has globalisation positively affected India?

1. Outsourcing — India is home to businesses such as Microsoft and hires Indian companies to set up their call centres.

2. Good choice for TNCs to outsource work to because their 2nd most spoken language is English

3. TNCs invest in shops and restaurants in India due to their large working class and middle class people to sell goods to

   • (some TNCs tailor their products like no beef in Mcdonald’s)

4. Creates jobs for migrants

How has globalisation negatively impacted India?

1. Some TNCs exploit workers by exposing them to unsafe conditions

2. Factories are constructs cheaply to reduce business costs, putting workers at risk

   • 4 people died from a roof collapsing in a factory in New Delhi in 2020

What benefits does rural-urban migration in India have?

1. Young people can get further education and get better jobs

2. Rural India relies heavily on only agriculture for jobs and income; more job opportunities in the city

What drawbacks does rural-urban migration in India have?

1. Leaves rural areas without a young, working population meaning older generations cannot retire

2. Parents may be left without children to care for them

3. Migrants come to the city and cannot afford the price of living; whilst looking for work, they end up homeless

   • Leads to the growth of slums

What are the positive + negative social impacts of globalisation in India?

Positive:

• Increased access to clean water + medical care

• TNCs provide support to local communities providing goods for people to cell

Negative:

• Growing demand for housing can’t be met

  • ¼ of people in urban areas live in slums

• Exploited workers

• Poor working conditions

What are positive + negative economic impacts of globalisation in India?

Positive:

• More money available to increase quality of life through greater tax income

• Increased wages

• TNCs create jobs

Negative:

• Profits from some TNCs leave the country

• Educated people from rural areas leave the country to find better paying jobs

What are positive + negative environmental impacts of globalisation?

Positive:

• Income is spent on protecting the environment

  • India’s forest cover has increased since 1990

  • India recorded 8,000 more square km in overall forest between 2015 and 2017

Negative:

• Significant increase in demand for energy in India

• Air pollution + greenhouse gas emissions increase as industry + transport have developed

  • 10 of the most polluted cities are in India

• Around 70% of India’s raw sewage flows into rivers

What is India’s geopolitical influence?

BRICS Membership:

• As of 2024, BRICs represents around 45% of the worlds population

G20 Participation:

• Has the worlds largest economies

• In 2023, India held the G20 presidency and emphasised issues like climate change

What international relations does India have?

Trade with the EU:

• EU is one of India’s largest trading partners

• In 2022, trade in goods reaches €120 billion with India exporting goods worth €60 and importing worth €60b

Trade with the USA:

• India exports to the USA

• India’s exports to the USA were worth approximately $76 billion, with imports at $50billion

• Exchange technology + defence

What are the costs of changing international relations in India?

• Developed countries block India from sharing global power

• Pressure on India to make cuts to greenhouse emissions

• Neighbouring countries become hostile as a result of military build up in India

What are the benefits and costs of FDI?

Benefits:

• Brings in money

• TNCs bring big brands into India

• TNCs pay more than local companies (increases wages)

Costs:

• The big brands can outsell local companies products

• Rely too much on TNCs for goods

• Not always reliable

  • India lost $1.4 billion after global crash of 2008