macromolecules

What are the 5 types of macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Vitamins and minerals

Nucleic acids

What is the purpose of carbohydrates?

They are the main source of energy for the body.

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

What are monosaccharides?

A single sugar unit (monomer)

Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose

What are disaccharides?

Two monosaccharides linked together (dimer)

-maltose, sucrose, lactose

What are polysaccharides?

Multiple monosaccharides linked together (polymer)

Ex: starch, cellulose, glycose

What is dehydration synthesis?

The synthesis (building) of larger molecules from smaller molecules. This includes loss of water.

What is hydrolysis?

The cutting of larger molecules to make smaller molecules using water

Label: 1

Starch/glycogen

Label: 2a

Maltose

Label: 2b

Sucrose

Label: 2c

Lactose

3a

2 glucose

3b

1 glucose

1 fructose

3c

1 glucose

1 galactose

Lipids main purpose

Storing energy, carrying vitamins

What are the three types of lipids?

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Sterols

Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature are called:

Fats (saturated;bad fats)

Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called:

Oils (unsaturated;good fats)

Main purpose of triglycerides

Energy stored in cells, released into the bloodstream between meals.

What are Phospholipids?

Structurally similar to triglycerides, but one of the fatty acid tails has been replaced by a phosphate group

Purpose of proteins

Build, grow and repair muscles, cells, enzymes, and antibodies

What is a polypeptide?

Amino acids which link together to create a polypeptide.

What are fats (lipids)?

Used primarily for energy storage

Are fats found in animals or plants

Both, but plants do not store fat in adipose tissue like animals do

How many fatty acid chains are in fats?

3

How many fatty acid chains are in waxes?

1

3 examples of steroids

Cholesterol, vitamins, and hormones

How many fatty acid chains do steroids have?

None

What does ATP (adenosonetriphodphate) do?

Stores energy for our cells.

Cellulose is a type of?

Fibre

What is chitin?

A polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, and in the exoskeletons of insects/arthropods

What are hydrocarbates made up of?

Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

What is the ratio of carbohydrates?

1:2:1

Which six elements can make up organic compounds?

Sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen (SPONCH)

Which two elements MUST be in an organic compound?

Hydrogen and carbon