BASIC FOOD 2 2nd Lesson

What are cereals?

Cereals are cultivated plants of the grass family (gramineae) that yield edible starchy pods or grains.

Why are cereals important?

Cereal grains are the most important group of food crops in the world, celebrated in art and religion as gifts of the gods and symbols of prosperity.

Name the major cereals.

Rice, Corn, Wheat, Sorghum, Millet, Oats, and Rye.

Where is rice believed to have originated?

Northern Thailand and China.

Which civilization is associated with corn?

The Incas - Ancient civilization.

What is the scientific classification of rice?

Rice is classified in the genus Oryza and species sativa.

What are the three subspecies of rice?

Japonica, Javanica, and Indica.

What is Japonica rice cultivated?

Cultivated in Japan and other temperate or semi-temperate regions.

What is Indica rice known for?

It is the most abundant subspecies and is raised in most rice-growing countries.

What are the stages of rice grain maturity?

Milky grain stage, dough grain stage, yellow-ripe stage, and mature grain stage.

What is the Philippines' rank in world rice production?

7th in world production of rice.

What is 'sinangag'?

Fried rice in Filipino cuisine.

What is the structure of a whole rice grain?

It consists of the hull, bran, germ, and endosperm.

What is the moisture content of harvested rice grains?

About 20%, but can range from 18% to 25%.

What is the goal of rice milling?

To remove the hulls, bran, and germ with minimum breakage of endosperms.

What is the composition of ordinary rice starch?

70-80% amylopectin and the rest amylose.

What does rice fortification involve?

Enrichment of rice with thiamin, niacin, and iron.

What is I-Rice?

Iron-fortified rice produced to help reduce anemia incidence.

Name types of pigmented rice.

Red rice, Black rice, Brown rice, and Purple rice.

What is Malagkit rice used for?

Making special kakanin (Filipino desserts).

What is Arborio rice used for?

Making risotto.

What is Basmati rice known for?

It is one of the finest long grain rice, preferred for Indian dishes.

What is the rice to water ratio for cooking rice?

Varies depending on the type of rice and cooking method.

What is gelatinization in rice cooking?

The process where starch granules absorb water and swell under heat.

What is the method of sautéing in rice cookery?

Coating raw rice with oil and gradually adding liquid for absorption.

What is 'puso' in Filipino cuisine?

Plain rice packed in woven coconut frond.

What is the significance of rice in Filipino culture?

Rice is the staple food for 80-90% of Filipinos.

What happens if rice moisture content is above 14%?

Spoilage, particularly mold growth, may occur.

What is the primary seasoning for fried rice in Philippine cuisine?

Garlic and salt

What are Lugaw and Arroz Caldo?

Porridge dishes that can include meat or chicken.

What is Suman sa ibos?

Malagkit rice soaked in coconut milk, filled in coconut or palm leaves, and steamed.

What is Suman sa libia?

Plain malagkit rice mixed with lihia, wrapped in banana leaves, served with syrup.

What is Moron in Philippine cuisine?

Suman with swirls of chocolate, wrapped in banana leaves.

What is Budbud Tanjay known for?

It has a large proportion of coconut milk used in its preparation.

What is Patupat?

Malagkit rice packed in woven coconut leaves and boiled in sugar cane juice.

What is Kutsinta?

Galapong treated with lihia, using brown sugar for its orange-brown color.

What is Bibingka?

A rice cake made with galapong, coconut milk, sugar, and a leavening agent.

What are rice products classified into?

Ready-to-eat items, fermented products, and by-products.

What is Philippine rice wine called?

Tapicy

What is the process for making rice vinegar?

Converting rice starch to glucose, fermenting sugars to alcohol, and then converting alcohol to acetic acid.

What is rice coffee?

Toasted dark brown rice grains steeped in boiling water.

What is the nutrient composition of a typical corn kernel?

70-75% starch, 8-10% protein, and 4-5% oil.

What are the main classifications of corn?

Dent, sweet, flint, popcorn, flour, and pod.

What is Dent Corn?

Corn with a small dent on top after drying, used for livestock feed and food manufacturing.

What is Flint Corn primarily used for?

Grinding into cornmeal, often used for decorations in North America.

What distinguishes Waxy Corn from normal corn?

Waxy corn is nearly 100% amylopectin, used for special starches.

What is Sweet Corn best known for?

Being the type of corn most commonly canned or served on the cob.

What is Hominy?

Enlarged kernels of hulled corn soaked in lye.

What are Grits?

Coarsely ground corn served boiled, popular in certain provinces.

What is the difference between cornmeal and corn flour?

Cornmeal is coarsely ground corn, while corn flour is finely ground corn.

What is Cornstarch used for?

A thickening agent in cooking, produced by extracting pure starch from corn.

What is Masa Flour?

Raw material for making tortillas, prepared through nixtamalization.

What is nixtamalization?

The process of masa preparation that involves cooking whole corn in water containing lime, steeping, washing, and then grinding the resulting nixtamal to masa flour.

What is corn syrup?

A viscous liquid consisting of fructose, glucose, and other sugars obtained by treating cornstarch with selected enzymes.

What are the two types of corn syrup?

Light corn syrup and dark corn syrup; dark corn syrup has a stronger flavor.

What is corn oil derived from?

Corn oil is derived from the corn embryo, which contains the lipids in corn.

What is the easiest way to cook corn on the cob?

Boiling or steaming.

What are tamales?

A traditional Mexican dish made with a corn-based dough mixture filled with various meats or beans and cheese, wrapped and cooked in corn husks or banana leaves.

What is wheat?

One of the oldest and most important cereal crops, with varieties such as common wheat, durum wheat, and club wheat used for different products.

What is bulgur?

Wheat berries that have been ground finer than cracked wheat, partially steamed, dried, and cracked to produce a pronounced flavor.

What is cracked wheat?

Wheat berries ground until they crack, available in coarse, medium, and fine grinds, reducing cooking time significantly.

What is wheat germ?

The part of wheat that is a good source of vitamin E, B vitamins, and fiber, but can become rancid if not refrigerated.

How is couscous produced?

From durum wheat, milled to remove the bran and germ, then processed with water and flour before being sieved.

What are oats?

A type of cereal grain from the Poaceae family, usually eaten as hot or cold cereal or in various baked goods.

What is rye?

Also called cereal rye, it is used to make rye bread and whiskey, high in carbohydrates and dietary fiber.

What is barley?

One of the first grains cultivated by humans, used primarily as malt, in cereals, and for livestock feed.

What is quinoa?

A pseudo cereal made from the seeds of the Chenopodium plant, gluten-free and a good source of plant protein.

What is sorghum?

A cereal grain of major importance in Africa and parts of Asia, consumed as food or livestock feed.

What is triticale?

A hybrid grain developed by crossing wheat with rye, known for its higher protein content and bread-making quality.

What is buckwheat?

Not a true grain, but the fruit of a leafy plant related to rhubarb, gluten-free and popular in pancakes and cereals.

What are aflatoxins?

Poisonous carcinogens produced by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus species, that can contaminate improperly stored cereal.

What is a wheat allergy?

An adverse reaction involving IgE antibodies to wheat proteins, causing symptoms like hives, nausea, and potentially anaphylaxis.

What is celiac disease?

An immune reaction to gluten that damages the small intestine, causing malabsorption and various gastrointestinal symptoms.

How can celiac disease be managed?

By following a strict gluten-free diet to help manage symptoms and promote intestinal healing.