Chapter 36 The Digestive System

GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease 

Gastroesophageal reflux disease 

digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the esophageal lining

Endoscopy

a procedure in which an instrument is introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts.

Hernia 

a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it (often involving the intestine at a weak point in the abdominal wall)

Cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Colonoscopy

is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the part of the small bowel closest to the large bowel

EGD

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

a procedure that allows the doctor to examine the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

IBS

Irritable bowel syndrome

appendicitis

inflammation or infection of the appendix (tiny closed pouch that dangles from part of the large intestine)

function of the liver

produces bile (helps with digestion of fats), assists in producing chemicals that help blood clot, helps clear our blood from toxins

gallbladder

small pouch attached to liver that stores bile

pancreas

produces substances that aid in digestion and excrete glucagon and insulin

functions of the digestive system

digestion, absorption, excretion

mastication

another word for chewing

villi

tiny finger like structures (part of small intestine) that aid in absorption of nutrients

effects of aging on the digestive system

less efficient chewing/ swallowing, less efficient digestion, increased risk for constipation

ulcer

sore that wears away the protective mucosa that lines the digestive tract

gastric ulcer

ulcer located in the stomach

duodenal ulcer

ulcer in the duodenum

risk factors for ulcer formation

smoking, frequent use of over the counter medications (OTC), infection with H. Pylori

penetrating ulcer

ulcer that extends all the way through the layers of the stomach or duodenum- life threatening

s/s ulcer

stomach pain (typically within 3 hours of eating), nauseous after eating

Tx ulcer

medications or if severe surgery

hernias

when an internal organ bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity

inguinal/ femoral hernia

loop of intestine bulges through abdominal wall in groin area

umbilical hernia

hernial that occurs around the belly button

hiatal hernia

occurs when part of the stomach passes through the hiatus (opening of the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to pass into the abdominal cavity)

strangulated hernia

a piece of intestine becomes trapped in the hernia to the point where it cuts off blood supply

jaundice

yellowing of the eyes and skin

s/s gallbladder disorder

pale/ clay colored feces, pain in the upper abdominal region may radiate to back and shoulder on the person’s right side