PMLS111 L1

History of Medical Technology

Medical Laboratory is also known as

Clinical Laboratory Science

What is Medical Laboratory Science

-It is a dynamic healthcare profession that involves the collection, investigation, and analysis of human biological samples to support patient diagnosis and treatment.

Hippocrates is known as

The father of medicine

Hippocrates…

advocated for tasting urine, listening to lungs, and observing outward appearances to diagnose disease.

Galen…

performed a rudimentary and qualitative assessment of body fluids in relation to the seasons. He described diabetes as "diarrhea of urine" and established a link between fluid intake and urine volume.

Medieval Europe method of diagnosis

Water Casting (Uroscopy)

Frist book written on uroscopy was written around

900 AD

Physicians started using machines for diagnosis in the..

19th Century

Josh Hutchinson invented the..

Spirometer

Jules Herisson invented the…

Sphygmomanometer

In 1816, Rene Laennec invented the…

Stethoscope

The stethoscope is used to…

acquire information about the heart and lungs

In 1840, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek invented the…

Microscope

The microscope is used to…

Observe cells

In 1850, Hermann Von Helmholz invented the…

Opthalmoscope

The Ophthalmoscope is used to…

Examine the inside of the eye

In 1855, Manuel Garcia invented the…

Laryngoscope

The Laryngoscope is used to…

Observe the throat and larynx

In 1859, Wilhelm Roentgen invented the…

X-ray

The X-ray is used to…

Observe structures inside the body without harming the patient

In 1903, William Einthoven invented the…

Electrocardiograph

The Electrocardiograph is used to…

measure electrical changes during the beating of the heart.

In 1927, Philip Drinker invented the…

Drinker Respirator

In 1565 Philippines…

Hospital Real was established by Spaniards

In 1578 Philippines…

San Lazaro Hospital was built for the poor and the lepers

In 1596 Philippines…

Hospital de San Juan de Dios was founded for poor Spaniards

In 1641 Philippines…

Hospital de San Jose was founded in Cavite

In 1611 Philippines…

Dominicans founded the University of the Santo Tomas

In 1871 Philippines…

The UST established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine

Boletin de Medicina de Manila

1886

Revista Farmeceutica de Filipinas

1893

Cronicas de Ciencas Medical

1895

In 1876 Philippines…

Provincial Medical Officers were appointed to provide health care services thoughout the country

In 1886 Philippines…

Board of Health and Charity was established

In 1887 Philippines…

Spanish authorities established Laboratorio Municipal de Manila for food and water examination

In 1898 Philippines…

The Spanish military Hospital was converted into the First Reserve Hospital

In 1901 Philippines…

The US gov established the Bureau of Government Laboratories in Manila

The Bureau of Government Laboratories is located in

Calle Herran, Ermita, Manila

The Bureau of Government Laboratories consists of

science library, chemical section, and serum laboratory

WWII

First clinical laboratory

Manila Public Health Laboratory

established by the 6th Infantry Division of the US Army

Manila Public Health Laboratory is located in

Quiricada St, Sta. Cruz, Manila

In 1945 Philippines…

Dr Pio de Roda and Dr Mariano Icasio reopened the Manila Public Health Laboratory

In 1954 Philippines…

Dr Prudencua Sta. Ana prepared a six month training syllabus with a certificate upon completion

First School of MedTech

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (now Manila Adventist College)

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (now Manila Adventist College) was opened under the leadership of…

Mrs. Willa Kathryn Hilgert-Hedrick.

The first graduate of the Medical Technology Program was

Mr. Jesse Umali

In 1957 Philippines,

The University of Santo Tomas initially offered the Medical Technology course as an elective for pharmacy students

In 1961 Philippines,

Medical Technology was recognized as its own program in UST.

In 1960 Philippines,

Centro Escolar University began offering the Medical Technology course.

In 1962 Philippines,

Far Eastern University opened its School of Medical Technology.

In 1878 America…

Dr. William H. Welch established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College and taught the first pathology course in an American medical school

In 1884 America…

Dr. Silas Douglas began the first laboratory instruction at the University of Michigan, which opened the country's largest and best-equipped chemical laboratory for students

In 1895 America..

The Laboratory Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania was opened, with Dr. William Pepper Jr. as its first director, emphasizing the service role of clinical laboratories.

In 1896 America…

Dr. William Osler established the first clinical laboratory at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where routine examinations focused on malarial parasites in the blood

In 1900s America…

A census reported that there were 100 technicians employed in the U.S.

In 1908 America…

Dr. James C. Todd wrote "A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis," which was later retitled and became a standard reference for laboratories.

In 1918 Pennsylvania…

A state law in Pennsylvania mandated that all hospitals and institutions have a fully-equipped laboratory and employ a full-time technician.

In 1918 America…

John Kolmer advocated for a national certification method for medical technologists.

In 1920 America….

Clinical laboratories in large hospitals were led by a chief physician and consisted of divisions for clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology, and radiology.

In 1922 America

The American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) was founded to promote cooperation between physicians and clinical pathologists. The ASCP also created a Code of Ethics for technicians and technologists.

In 1936 America

The American Society for Medical Technologist (now ASCLS) was incorporated, which helped in the professional recognition of non-physician laboratory scientists and led to the term "Medical Technologist" coming into favor.

In 1939-1945 America…

World War II significantly increased the demand for laboratory testing, leading physicians to train assistants to perform tests

In 1950 America…

Medical technologists in the U.S. began seeking professional recognition through government licensure laws

In 1999 America

The term "Clinical Laboratory Science" was adopted

In 1796, Edward Jenner discovered

Vaccine for Smallpox

Marie François Xavier Bichat

laid the foundation for modern physiology and identified organs by their types of tissues

Agostino Bassi

Disease can be caused by living organisms

Louis Pasteur

microorganisms cause fermentation and disease, originated the process of pasteurization, and produced immunity to rabies.

Gregor Mendel

Mathematical foundation of genetics

Joseph Lister

Founder of antiseptic medicine

Robert Koch

founder of bacteriology who discovered the bacteria responsible for anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera

Ernst von Bergmann (1886)

Introduced steam sterilization

Karl Landsteiner (1902)

Distinguished blood groups of the ABO blood group system

August von Wassermann

Developed immunologic tests for syphilis

Howard Ricketts (1906)

Discovered Rickettsiae, a type of hybrid bacteria-virus

Hans Fischer (1929)

Worked on the structure of hemoglobin

Jonas Salk (1954)

Poliomyelitis vaccine

James Westgard (1973)

Westgard rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory

Baruch Samuel Blumburg (1980)

Introduced the Hepatitis B vaccine

Kary Mullis (1985)

Developed the polymerase chain reaction

Andre van Streirteghem (1992)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

James Thomson

Derived the first human stem cell line

Bureau of Gov. Laboratories

Biology, Chemical, Serum

Biology Laboratory

Focused on developing diagnostic, treatment, and prevention methods for human and animal diseases.

Chemical Laboratory

Investigated the composition of food, plants, and minerals.

Serum Laboratory

Produced Vaccines

Paul Freer

The first director of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. He made sure the laboratories had proper supplies and equipment.

National Institutions of Health of the University of the Philippines Manila

This institution now occupies the area where the Bureau of Government Laboratories was located

Purpose of the Bureau of Science

Created for medical officers interested in laboratory research

Focus of the Bureau of Science

Concentrated on the study of tropical diseases in collaboration with the Army Board