Lymph lecture slides

Function of lymphatic system

Remove excess fluids, fats, and waists circulate hormones, and mediate immunity by producing maturing and circulating lymphocytes

4 lymphatic structures and their functions

1. Lymphatic capillaries pick up access fluid from interstitial space 2. Lymph is a solution following through lymphatic vessels and nodes 3. Lymph nodes filtration sites that remove pathogens 4. Lymphoid organs

Lymphatic ducts

Maintain unidirectional lymph flow through Smooth muscle contraction, also known as auto rhythmic Peristalsis

Describe lymph flow

Lymph travels from lymphatic capillaries to ducts, Then ducts Push lymph through smooth muscle muscles passing through lymph nodes arise at the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, then drains into systemic circulation

Lymphatic notes structures

Germinal centers produce lymphocytes infection leads to enlargement as lymphocyte production increases

Lymphoid organs and their function

Thymus maturation of lymphocytes

Red bone marrow lymphocytes synthesis

Spleen filters, bloodstream, antigens

Tonsils filters bullets, removing pathogens

Describe innate immunity

External and internal structures that protect against a wide range of pathogens, can’t target specific pathogens

Describe adaptive immunity

Acquired after pathogen, exposure, triggers, lymphocyte, mediated, recognition, defense, and immunological memory

What is Innate immunity mediated by?

Skin cells, gastric acid interference, fever, phagocytes, and natural killer cells

What is adaptive immunity mediated by?

Lymphocytes like B & T cells, Effectiveness depends on the recognition of foreign antigen and synthesis of antibodies

How is pathogen behavior occurred

Changes occur occurred by chemical changes like pathogen, secretion host, protein expression

Nonspecific community: phagocytosis

Remove debris and trigger inflammation consist of neutrophils, which engulf pathogens and release enzymes that kill pathogens

Nonspecific immunity: Extravasion

Infection, triggers expression of neutral fill receptor which lets neutrophil binding to receptor and latches to the vessel wall this interaction triggers, temporary gaps which the cell pushes out

Nonspecific immunity: Natural killer cells

Natural killer cells secrete peroforin, Which forms a transmembrane poor on pathogen cell membrane and induce apoptosis

Nonspecific immunity: interferons

Inhibit viral replication, Inhibits synthesis of antiviral enzymes in host cell, Indirectly activates MK cells

Nonspecific immunity: Fever

Caused by the cellular response to pyrogens higher metabolism and heat production by fat, This promotes interferon and neutrophil activity

Adaptive immunity two branches

Humoral immunity uses antibodies and cell mediated immunity does not use antibodies

Describe recognition in adaptive immunity

Recognition of foreign antigens by T cells it does not involve antibodies, antigen presenting cells find and exposed non-self antigens

Describe major histocompatibility complex and classes

Class one MHC-When bound to non-self antigen in activates cytotoxic T cells

Class 2M- When bound to non-self antigen, activate helper, T cells

Describe activation in adaptive community

Antigen presenting cells by non-self antigens, which attach to an MHC on the surface of an antigen presenting cell, then lymphocyte binds to MHC complex and lymphocytes are activated

Describe all the T cells and functions

Helper T cells- Stimulate B cells

Cytotoxic cells- Attack pathogen cells

Memory cells- Facilitate immune response upon re-exposure

Suppressor T cells- Inhibit immune response

Describe how helper T cells Are activated

Non-self antigens are present with C2 MHC the inactive T cell binds to it then it is activated in mitosis begins to increase in numbers and then release cytokines Which promote cyototoxic cells

Describe humoral immunity

Mediated by antibodies produced by lymphocytes inactive until activated by antigens and T cells they differentiate between plasma cells Which produces antibodies and memory cells

Describe inflammation

Release of histamine and inflammatory factors, and then blood flow and capillary probability increased, which causes a recruitment of a immune cells

Describe an allergic response

Allergen promotes the activation of helper T cells which then promote memory TNB cell on second exposure histamine begins in violent allergic response