sports med final

What are the two types of anxiety disorders mentioned in sports medicine?

PTSD and panic attacks.

What are the three psychological effects of cryotherapy?

Increase range of motion, vasoconstriction, decrease pain.

What are the four necessary elements to prove negligence?

Duty of care, proximal cause, breach of duty, and damage/injury occurred.

What is the primary role of a chiropractor?

To treat spine disorders.

What is the main focus of a Physical Therapist?

Rehabilitation of injuries.

What is the role of a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist?

To lead and instruct in exercise activities.

What does an Orthopedic Surgeon do?

Diagnose and repair injuries.

What type of force causes an MCL sprain?

Valgus force.

What type of force causes an LCL sprain?

Varus force.

What is the difference between closed chain and open chain exercises?

Open chain exercises include push-ups and squats; closed chain exercises include throwing, leg extensions, and bicep curls.

What condition is characterized by profuse sweating, pale clammy skin, dizziness, and nausea?

Heat exhaustion.

What is the maximum healthy weight loss per week?

1-2 pounds.

What condition is associated with heel pain?

Plantar fasciitis.

How can muscle endurance be increased?

By using low resistance and high repetition.

How can the overload principle be implemented in a conditioning program?

By increasing resistance.

How often should an athlete consume fluids during competition?

Every 25 minutes.

How long should ice be applied to an acute injury?

20 minutes every 2 hours.

What is the protocol for removing a helmet from an athlete with a possible head/neck injury?

Leave the helmet on and immobilize.

What phase do athletes expect sports medicine professionals to 'work miracles'?

Bargaining.

What are the key elements of a properly fitted mouth guard?

Tight fit, unrestricted breathing, ability to communicate clearly.

What are the parts of a muscle fiber that should be labeled?

Actin, myosin, sarcomere, fiber, myofibril.

What are the upper body parts that should be labeled?

Humerus, Latissimus Dorsi, Scapula, Triceps Brachii, Deltoid.

What are the lower body parts that should be labeled?

Tibia, patellar tendon, lateral collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, fibula, femur.

What are the anatomical terms for direction: lateral, proximal, medial, distal, superior, and inferior?

Lateral: away from midline; Proximal: closer to root; Medial: closer to midline; Distal: away from root; Superior: closer to head; Inferior: closer to feet.

What is eczema?

An itchy red rash.

What is ringworm?

A fungal infection.

What is impetigo?

Pustules that crust and rupture.

What is MRSA?

An infection resistant to common antibiotics.

What are the rehab phases and their goals?

Phase I: control pain; Phase II: increase strength; Phase III: sport-specific skills.

What are aerobic and anaerobic sports examples?

Aerobic: 1 mile run, cycling, soccer; Anaerobic: 100m sprint, football, strength training.

What is the purpose of applying an elastic wrap to an acute injury?

To control swelling.

What type of contraction is pushing against a wall?

Isometric.

What does the S.M.A.R.T acronym stand for?

Specific, Measurable, Adjustable, Realistic, Time.

What is medial tibial stress syndrome?

Shin pain.

What are the signs and symptoms of inflammation?

Swelling, redness, ecchymosis.

What is turf toe?

A sprain of the metatarsal phalangeal joint.

What are the steps of an injury assessment in order?

History, inspection, palpation, special tests.

What is a strain?

Tearing of a muscle or tendon.

What is atrophy?

Decreasing the size of a muscle.

What does acute refer to in terms of injury?

Sudden onset of injury or illness.

What are three interventions to prevent staleness and burnout?

Time away from activity, avoid repetition, attend to small injuries.

What is the treatment for a nosebleed?

Direct pressure while leaning the head forward.

What is the treatment for shock?

Maintain body temperature, monitor vital signs, no food or drink.

What type of injury is associated with weight bearing with rotation?

Meniscus tear.

What should you do for an athlete having a seizure?

Make sure the athlete is safe and protected.

What should the pre-game meal primarily include?

Complex carbohydrates.

What is the approximate duration of the acute phase following an injury?

1-3 days.

What is periodization in sports medicine?

Dividing the annual plan into smaller segments, phases, or cycles.

What is the main purpose of pre-wrap?

To provide comfort and protect skin.

What is the purpose of prophylactic taping?

To prevent injury.

What is the purpose of rigid protective equipment in athletics?

To disperse force over a larger area.

What is Second Impact Syndrome?

The risk of an adolescent athlete returning to competition while still exhibiting signs and symptoms of a concussion.

What structure connects bone to bone?

Ligament.

What is the Bod Pod?

A method of analyzing body composition that measures the displacement of air.

What is Wolff's Law?

The principle that states tissues grow according to the stress placed on them.

What is a side effect of excessive caffeine use as an ergogenic aid?

Increased dehydration.

What is circuit training?

A training method that utilizes a series of exercise stations.

What type of injuries are treated with heat modalities?

Post-acute injuries.

What type of stretching involves contract/relax and hold/relax techniques?

Static stretching.

In taping an inversion ankle sprain, from which direction should the stirrups be applied?

Medial to lateral.

How is maximum heart rate calculated?

220 minus age.

What modality achieves deep tissue heating?

Ultrasound.

What are the components of the Female Athlete Triad?

Amenorrhea, osteoporosis, disordered eating.

Why are ergogenic aids illegal in sports?

They provide an unfair advantage.