People as a Resource

What do you understand by 'People as a resource' ?

What do you understand by 'People as a resource' ?

a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing production skills and abilities

What do you mean by Human Capital?

People with skills and knowledge who can do some productive work by using them.

What is the meaning of vocational education?

The training for a specific vocation/ job.

What do you mean by infant morality rate?

It is the death of a child under one year of age

What do you mean by Gross Domestic Product?

the value given to the total final production in a country in a given year.

What do you mean by economic activities?

Activities which add value to the national income

What do you mean by vitrous cycle?

Educated parents are found to invest more heavily on the education of their children. They are also aware of their children's needs for nutrition and hygiene.

What do you mean by Birth Rate?

the number of babies born there for every 1000 people during a particular period of time

What do you mean by Death Rate?

the number of people per 1000 who die during a period of time

Write and explain the three sectors of economic activities?

They are classified into three sectors
1) PRIMARY SECTOR
All activities which extract natural products from
the earth or natural resources are classified in
this category.
Eg. agriculture, forestry etc.

2) SECONDARY SECTOR
Using products resulting from activities in the
primary sectors for the manufacturing of finished
goods are classified in this sector. All
manufacturing processes and construction
activities are eg of this sector
Eg. manufacturing.

3) TERTIARY SECTOR
All the activities which support the Primary and
the tertiary sector is classified in this sector.
Eg. trade, transportation etc.

Write difference b/w Market and Non Market activities?
OR
Write the difference b/w Economic and Non-Economic activities?

'Market Activities' or 'Economic Activities'
(i) Adds value to the national income.
(ii) Done for profit or salary
(iii) Eg. Government services, Farming

'Non—Market Activities' or 'Non-Economic Activities '
(i) Doesn't add value to the national income
(ii) No profit
(iii) Eg. Housewife

On what factors quality of people depends? (2 points)

1) Education
2) Health

What is the role of education in Human capital formation? (3 marks)

1)Education plays a vital role in human capital formation because education helps human to achieve and realize their full potential.

2) People successful- higher-income - better jobs -higher productivity.

3) Education - broadening their knowledge - training them

Name the efforts taken by the government for education. (5 marks)

1) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan acc. - a child between 6 - 14 yrs - provided education

2)Mid-day meal scheme - better attendance and health

3)In 11th Plan govt formed a higher education- many college and universities - new courses like CS, IT etc.

4)Navodaya Vidyalay - opened in each district - emphasis on girl education - many only girls school are opened

5)Expenditure on education rose from 0.64%in 1951 to 3.3% in 2013-19

Describe the 5 main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Five main features of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan are
1) To provide useful and elementary education for all children between 6-4 years

2) To bridge social, regional and gender gaps with the active participation.

3) Develop their potential both spiritually and materially

4) To indtill values which allow children an opportunity to work for each other well being, rather than pursue mere selfish pursuits.

5) To realize the importance of early childhood care and education, looking at 0-14 yrs age as a continuum

What do you mean by Literacy Rate?

The no. of people educated in an area

What was India literacy rate in 1951 and to how much percent it rose in 2011?

From 1951- 18%
To 2011- 84%

Give two statistical points on literacy rates.

1) Male literacy > Female literacy by 16.6%
2) Urban literacy > Rural literacy by 16.1%

Which state of India has highest and the lowest literacy rate ?

Kerala - 93.9%

Bihar - 63.1%

What is the role of health in human capital formation? (5 marks)

1) Only a healthy person can perform to his full potential

2) A healthy person is more efficient

3) A healthy person's productivity can contribute to the growth and development of a country

4) An unhealthy person becomes a liability for the economy

5) Realizing the importance of health, the government has prioritized health more

What are the steps taken by the government to improve the health of the people?

1) More hospitals and clinics are opened even in rural areas

2) Free health and clinics are opened in last few years

What are the results of steps taken by the government in the improvement of the health of the people? (3 marks)

1)<b>Life expectancy</b> has increased to over 6.83 years in the year 2014

2)<b>Infant Morality Rate</b> has come down from 147 in the year 1951 to 37 in the year 2015

3)<b>Crude Birth Rate</b> has dropped to 20.8 and <b>Crude Death Rate</b> to 6.5 with in the same duration of time.

What do you mean by unemployed?

People who are waiting to work at the going wages
and still can't find jobs.

What must be the age of person if he/she want to work?

People who work must be between 15 to 59 years.

Name and explain three types of unemployment?

1)SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
When people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year.
Eg. people dependent on agriculture

2)DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT
When all the people appear to be employed but the work requires less number of persons the unemployment is disguised.
Eg. a small farmer's entire family is working on his plot though all may not be required to do so.

3)EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT
In urban areas, many young people with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation degrees lead to educated unemployment.

What are the consequences of unemployment? (5 marks)

1) Increases economic overload

2) Wastage of manpower resources; people who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability

3) They depend on the working population and slow down the growth of the country

4) Increased feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth.

5) Increase in the crime rate.

Distinguish between physical and human capital

PHYSICAL CAPITAL
Includes the variety of inputs required at all stages of production activity.
Eg. fixed capital in the form of machinery, land etc

HUMAN CAPITAL
People with skills and knowledge who can do some productive work by using them

Why are women employed for low paid work? (5 marks)

1) Generally considered physically and emotionally vulnerable.

2) In general are educationally and technically backward.

3) Generally not suitable for hazardous work

4) Required to conform to social restrictions on the job

5) Generally have to look after their families so they cannot be as regular as men in their duties

How can the population be turned into a productive asset? (3 marks)

The population can be turned into a popular asset by
1) Investment in education and health

2) Training industrial and agricultural workers to use modern machines

How can the large population be turned into a productive asset? Explain. (5 marks)

A large population can be turned into a productive asset:-
1) Education- skilled workforce; growth of the country.

2) Education- good employment opportunities; contribute to the National Income of the country.

3) Health care facilities- a healthy environment.

4) Create jobs in every field- decrease unemployment.

5) Modernization of agriculture in rural and backward regions.