Law, Regulation & Ethics (Conflicts of Interest & Ethical Decision-Making)

What is a conflict of interest?

When personal interests may impair judgment.

What is the difference between actual and perceived conflicts?

Perceived conflicts may appear improper but not be real.

What is the key test for conflicts of interest?

Disclosure.

Does disclosure make a conflict acceptable?

No, but it improves transparency.

Which role carries higher conflict risk?

Procurement or grant allocation.

What is ethical decision-making?

Making choices based on ethical values.

Which framework focuses on outcomes for the greatest number?

Utilitarianism.

Which framework focuses on moral duties?

Deontology.

What are consequences of ethical failure?

Legal penalties, reputational damage, fines.