blood supply of the central nervous system

brain receives its blood supply from

* anterior cerebral arteries
* middle cerebral arteries
* posterior cerebral arteries

cerebral arteries arise from

* internal carotid arteries
* vertebral arteries

A

vertebral artery

B

internal carotid artery

internal carotid artery enters cranial cavity through

carotid canal in petrous temporal bone

internal carotid artery traverses the

cavernous sinus

internal carotid artery pierces the roof of the cavernous sinus near the

anterior clinoid process

internal carotid artery divides into

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

A

middle cerebral artery

B

anterior cerebral artery

C

internal carotid artery

anterior cerebral artery passes above

the corpus callosum

anterior cerebral artery supplies the

medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes as far back as the parieto-occipital sulcus and a small part of the adjacent lateral surface

A

corpus callosum

B

anterior cerebral artery

anterior cerebral artery passes

laterally into lateral sulcus

anterior cerebral artery supplies

most of the lateral surface except the upper periphery of the hemisphere the inferior surface of the frontal lobe and the insula

A

middle cerebral artery

B

lateral sulcus

other branches of the internal carotid artery

* ophthalmic artery
* anterior choroidal artery
* posterior communicating artery

ophthalmic artery supplies

orbit

anterior choroidal artery supplies

choroid plexus of lateral ventricle

posterior communicating artery supplies

posterior cerebral artery

vertebral artery enters cranial cavity through

foramen magnum

vertebral artery of each side to form

basilar artery

A

basilar artery

B

pons

C

vertebral artery

branches of vertebral artery

* anterior spinal artery
* posterior spinal artery
* posterior inferior cerebellar artery

anterior spinal artery is formed by

union of branches from both vertebral arteries

anterior spinal artery descend

infront of medulla

anterior spinal artery supplies

spinal cord

posterior spinal arteries descend to

spinal cord

posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies

the posterolateral part of the medulla, the cerebellum

branches of the basilar artery

* anterior inferior cerebellar artery
* pontine branches
* labyrinthine artery
* superior cerebellar artery
* posterior cerebral arteries

posterior cerebral artery passes around

cerebral peduncles

posterior cerebral artery supplies

* medial surface of the occipital lobe
* inferior surfaces of the occipital and temporal lobes and adjacent lateral surface

effect of occlusion of anterior cerebral artery

* contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss of leg and foot
* personality changes

effect of occlusion of middle cerebral artery

* contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss of face and arm
* aphasia

effect of occlusion of posterior cerebral artery

* impairment of memory
* blindness

circle of willis is

anastomotic ring in interpeduncular fossa around the optic chiasma and the pituitary gland

circle of willis provides

anastomosis between internal carotid and vertebral system of arteries

circle of willis is formed by

* 2 internal carotid arteries
* 2 anterior cerebral arteries
* 2 posterior cerebral arteries

venous drainage of the brain is divided into

superficial and deep

superficial group of veins of brain

* superficial middle cerebral vein
* superior cerebral veins
* inferior cerebral veins

deep group of veins

* anterior cerebral vein
* deep middle cerebral vein
* basal vein
* great cerebral vein of galen
* internal cerebral vein
* straight sinus

blood supply of the spinal cord

* anterior spinal artery
* posterior spinal arteries
* spinal arteries

anterior spinal artery is derived from

both vertebral arteries

posterior spinal arteries are derived from

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

spinal arteries are reinforced by

branches passing through intervertebral foramina from segmental arteries particularly in lumbar region

venous drainage of spinal cord

internal vertebral venous plexus of veins

what is a route for spreading metastasis up to the brain

internal vertebral venous plexus of veins extends along whole length of spinal cord