4.1: Attribution Theory and Person Perception
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19 Terms
Attribution Theory
A theory that explains how individuals determine the causes of behavior—either attributing it to a person's disposition or their situation.
Dispositional Attribution
Explaining behavior based on internal traits, motives, or intentions.
Situational Attributions
Explaining behavior based on external factors or the environment.
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency to attribute one's successes to internal facotrs and failures to external factors.
Actor-Observer Bias
The tendency to attribute our own behavior to situations while attributing other's behaviors to their dispositions.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate situational factors when judging others.
Explanatory Style
A person's habitual way of explaining events, typically categorized as optimistic or pessimistic.
Optimistic Explanatory Style
Attributing negative events to external, unstable, and specific causes, promoting resilience.
Pessimistic Explanatory Style
Attributing negative events to internal, stable, and global causes, often linked to depression.
Locus of Control
A person's belief about the extent to which they control events affecting them.
External Locus of Control
Believing that outside forces control your life outcomes.
Internal Locus of Control
Believing that you control your own destiny and outcomes through effort and decisions.
Person Perception
The process of forming impressions of others based on information like appearance, behavior, and stereotypes.
Mere Exposure Effect
The tendency to develop a preference for things or people merely because they are familiar.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
When a belief or expectation influences behavior in a way that causes the belief to come true.
Social Comparison
Evaluating yourself by comparing to others to form judgments about your own traits.
Upward Social Comparison
Comparing yourself to someone you perceive as better off, which can inspire improvement or lower self-esteem.
Downward Social Comparison
Comparing yourself to someone worse off, often to boost your self-esteem.
Relative Deprivation
Feeling worse off when comparing yourself to others who are perceived to be better off.
Note 
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