LEC 7.2: Illness & Disease

Illness

Highly personal state in which individual’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished

Disease

Alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span

1. Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role

2. Suchman’s Stages of Illness

What are the 2 theories about Illness Behaviors?

Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role

One of the 2 theories about Illness Behaviors

Rights:

1. Client’s aren’t responsible for their condition even if illness was partially caused by a client’s behavior

2. Clients are exempted from certain social roles and tasks

3. Clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible (responsible to take measures to help them recover as quickly as possible)

4. Clients of their family are obliged to seek competent help

1. Client’s aren’t responsible for their condition even if illness was partially caused by a client’s behavior

2. Clients are exempted from certain social roles and tasks

3. Clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible

4. Clients of their family are obliged to seek competent help

What are Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role?

Clients aren’t responsible for their condition even if illness was partially caused by a client’s behavior

One of Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role

Example: A client obtains lung cancer due to smoking

Clients are exempted from certain social roles and tasks

One of Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role

Example: It is understandable that a sick mother is not able to do cooking or household cleaning.

Clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible

One of Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role

Clients are responsible to take measures to help in rapid recovery

Clients or their family are obliged to seek competent help

One of Parson’s 4 Aspects of the Sick Role

Example: Clients should be seeking doctors and not just relying on their own methods.

Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness

One of the 2 theories about Illness Behaviors

Stages:

1. Symptom Experience

2. Assumption of the Sick Role

3. Medical Care Contact

4. Dependent Client Role

5. Recovery/Rehabilitation

1. Symptom Experience

One of the stages in Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness

Individual comes to believe something is wrong

Physical, cognitive, emotional response (anxious)

Unwell individual usually consults with others to validate symptoms

May tru home remedies

2. Assumption of the Sick Role

One of the stages in Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness

Accepts sick role and seek confirmation from family and friends

Exempted from duties and role expectation

Anxiety is NOT common in this stage

3. Medical Care Context

One of the stages in Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness

Sick individuals seek advice of health professional either on their own or urging of S.O.’s

Includes:

1. Validation

2. Explanation of Symptoms

3. Reassurance Well/Predicted Outcome

Client may accept or reject diagnosis

4. Dependent Client Role

One of the stages in Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness

After accepting illness and seeking treatment, client becomes dependent on professional for help

5. Recovery/Rehabilitation

One of the stages in Suchman’s 5 Stages of Illness

Those with long term illnesses may need more time

Patient expected to relinquish dependent role and resume former roles and responsibilities

1. Primary

2. Secondary

3. Tertiary

What are the 3 Levels of Prevention?

Primary

One of the 3 Levels of Prevention

Health promotion and disease prevention

Precedes disease or dysfunction and applied generally to healthy individuals or groups

Primary

The following are examples of what type of Level of Prevention:

Smoking cessation for young adult, family planning, immunization

Secondary

One of the 3 Levels of Prevention

Emphasizes early detection of disease, prompt intervention, and health maintenance for individuals experience health problems

Secondary

The following are examples of what type of Level of Prevention:

Mammogram and other screenings

Tertiary

One of the 3 Levels of Prevention

Begins after an illness when a defect of disability is fixed, stabilized, or determined to be irreversible

Tertiary

The following are examples of what type of Level of Prevention:

Referring client to support group after colostomy, diabetes patient taught how to prevent complications

1. Health Promotion

2. Disease Prevention

3. Health Maintenance

4. Curative Care

5. Palliative Care

What are the 5 Levels of Care?

Health Promotion

One of the 5 Levels of Care

Edelman and Kudzma (2015): Prevention in a narrow sense means avoiding the development of disease in the future and in a broader sense, consists of interventions to limit progression of a disease

Murdough, et al (2011):___ ___ must address physical and social situations that cause poor health

Edelman and Kudzma (2015)

Who quoted the following about Health Promotion:

Prevention in a narrow sense means avoiding the development of disease in the future and in a broader sense, consists of interventions to limit progression of a disease

Murdough, et al (2011)

Who quoted the following about Health Promotion:

Health promotion must address physical and social situations that cause poor health

Disease Prevention

One of the 5 Levels of Care

Procedure through which individuals, particularly those with risk factor for a disease, are treated in order to prevent a disease from occurring

Health Maintenance

One of the 5 Levels of Care

Guiding principle in health care that emphasizes on health promotion and disease prevention rather than management of symptoms and illness

Activities that preserve individuals present state of health and prevent occurrence of disease or injury

Designed to minimize premature sickness or death

Examples: Use media to give health education, immunization, screening

Curative Care

One of the 5 Levels of Care

To cure a disease or promote recovery from an illness, injury or impairment

Provided in a hospital or at home

Example: Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

One of the 5 Levels of Care

Bring comfort and relief from a seriouss, progressive illness that may or may not be life-limiting

Can be provided at home and in long-term care facilities and hospitals