chem - nonmetals and metals properties/uses

chem 2c midterm 2 study pt 1

hydrogen (nonmetal alkali)

ox state 0, +1, -1 ; -1 is called a hydride (strong base) and used in reactions with group 1 metals 

calcium (alkali earth metal)

used for chalk, concrete (CaO), and can form natural structures like caves via CaCO3

barium (alkali earth metal)

used in x-rays as an opaque substance (BaSO4)

magnesium (alkali earth metal)

component of hard water

aluminum (group 13)

used in jewelry; bonded with Cr3+ makes rubies, bonded w both Ti4+ and Fe3+ makes blue sapphires, and only Fe3+ makes yellow/green sapphires.

tin (tetragen)

used in solder and pewter

lead (tetragen)

used in batteries, ammunition, and piping.

helium (noble gas)

uses ldfs (weak IMFs, low MP & BP), diluent (ex: used in fuel containers to reduce the amount of oxygen content inside of the tank and also used to dilute the flammability of oxygen).

neon (noble gas)

used in electron configurations

argon (noble gas)

third most abundant gas in the air, followed by nitrogen and oxygen.

xenon (noble gas)

know its lewis structure

HOX (X=metal) (oxyacids)

+1 ; hypohalous acid

HOXO (X=metal) (oxyacids)

+3 ; halous acid

HOXO2 (X=metal) (oxyacids)

+5 ; halic acid

HOXO3 (X=metal) (oxyacids)

+7 perhalic acid

oxygen (chalcogen)

O2, O3 ; ox state: 0, -1, -2 ; can form sigma and pi bonds

sulfur (chalcogen)

H2SO4 ; smells bad, used in rubber (the yellow-y color/substance in rubber is the sulfur) ; can form sigma bonds but not pi bonds

nitrogen (pnictogen)

used to make explosives like TNT, also used in biological processes like making ATP/ADP.