Medical Assisting -- Final

mitochondria

what is the powerhouse of the cell?

golgi apparatus

what is the post office of the cell?

double helix

what shape is a DNA molecule in?

endoplasmic reticulum

This is divided into a rough and smooth section 

nucleus

what is the control center of the cell?

ribosomes

These are protein factories of the cell 

1. Differ in size and shape

2. Filter in substances and filter them out

Cells can…

Two Layer

How many layers does the cell membrane have?

acquired immunity

This is a type of immunity that is specific

innate immunity

This is a type of immunity that is non-specific

rubeola

The other name for measles is

mumps

Swollen parotid glands is a key symptom in this illness

measles

Koplik spots is a key symptom in this illness

Hepatitis A

Surfers commonly get this infection after it rains

Pertussis

This is commonly known as "whooping cough"

tetanus

This illness causes severe or painful spasms that can be so strong that they break bones

tetanus (lockjaw)

Getting a puncture wound from a rusty nail can result in the following illness

polio

This illness can cause paralysis

HPV

This infection can cause genital warts which can later cause cancer

1. Pregnant Women

2. Elderly People

RSV has a vaccine for…

False

By law, does everyone in the United States have to have insurance?

Yes; you must pay your premium

Do you have to pay your premium even if you never visit the doctors?

January 1st

When does the deductible reset?

Premium

This is the monthly charge for your insurance policy that you have to pay

Deductible

This is the amount you must pay before your insurance will pay any fees

Co-pay

This is the fixed amount you pay for a particular service (i.e. doctor office visit, prescription refill)

Out of pocket maximum

Once you have paid this amount, the insurance will cover any other healthcare costs you incur

Health Maintenance Organization

An HMO stands for

Preferred Provider Organization

A PPO stands for

The Affordable Care Act

This was what once required all Americans to have health insurance

No; you require separate insurance for different health needs

Do all health insurance policies include dental, vision, and health insurance?

$1200

If my premium is $100, how much would I pay for insurance every year? (If I do not incur any other costs and never go to the doctor)

• Multiply by 12 (one year)

$1000

My deductible is 1000

ER visit: 100% covered after deductible

My OOP Max is 2000. 

(I do not have a co-insurance)

I went to the emergency room and it cost 1500. How much would I initially have to pay? 

A tiny infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of organisms

What is a virus

By hijacking the host cells' machinery

How do viruses reproduce?

Viruses are generally smaller than bacteria

what is the size comparison between viruses and bacteria

Animal

What is the largest kingdom of living organisms

Bacteria are single-celled organisms

What is a characteristic of bacteria?

Bacterial infections

Which of the following can be treated with antibiotics?

Capsid

Where do viruses store their genetic material?

Nucleoid

Where do bacteria store their genetic material?

Metabolize nutrients

Which of the following can bacteria do that viruses cannot?

Monera

What kingdom do bacteria fall into?

Nutrition

Reproduction

Interaction

What are the three vital functions of a living organism

flagella

Some bacteria have this to help them move

Alexander Fleming

This man discovered penicillin by accident

gram positive bacteria

This type of bacteria stay a blue-violet color after decolorization

No; bacterial infections last longer because they need to conduct the three vital functions

Are bacterial infections usually shorter than viral infections?

probitotics

When taking anti-biotics, one should also take what?

phage therapy

This is a type of therapy in which viruses consume or destroy bacteria 

bacilli

This shape of bacteria is rod-like

cocci

This shape of bacteria is round

spirilla

This shape of bacteria is twisted

The man who discovered the first smallpox vaccine

• Cowpox

Who is Edward Jenner?

The doctor who created the first polio vaccine

• La Jolla Salk Institute

Who is Jonas Salk?

Administrated into a muscle

• 90 degree angle

• Length: 1-1.5 in

• Thickness/Gauge: 20-25 g

Properties of an Intramuscular (IM) Shot

Applied under the skin—fat

• 45 degree angle

• Length: 3/8-5/8 in

• Thickness/gauge: 25-31 g

Properties of an Subcutaneous (SQ) Shot

Underneath the dermis—the skin layer beneath the epidermis

• ~10 degree angle

• Length: 3/8in

• Thickness/gauge: 26-28 g

Properties of an Intradermal (ID) Shot

Patient:

1. Infection*

2. reaction

3. pain

Individual:

1. Administration

2. Needle-stick injuries

What risks do every injections run?

Risk of hitting the sciatic nerve

Why don’t we inject in the dorsogluteal area?

Live Attenuated

Type of Vaccine:

• Contains a weakened form of the live virus or bacterium

EX: MMR and Varicella

Inactivated

Type of Vaccine:

• Contains a killed or inactive form of the virus or bacterium

EX: Polio, Influenza, and Hep A

Subunit/Recombinant

Type of Vaccine:

• Contains a specific part of the pathogen (protein or polysaccharide)

EX: Pnemococoul, HPV, Hep B

Toxoid

Type of Vaccine:

• Contain a toxin produced by the virus or bacterium

EX: Tetanus, diphtheria

mRNA

Type of Vaccine:

• Uses mRNA to transport the body’s cells to produce proteins that resemble the pathogen, stimulating the immune response

EX: Aizer, moderna ← COVID-19

Viral Vector

Type of Vaccine:

• Uses a harmless virus to carry genetic material into the body, which then produces proteins that stimulate an immune response against the target pathogen

EX: Johnson and Johnson, Astra Zeneca ← COVID-19

An affected dermatome

What does a shingles rash follow?

1. Vitamin K

2. Erythromycin eye ointment

What is given to babies to prevent brain bleeds and neonatal conjunctivitis?

• Silver Nitrate was used during the 1800s, but it was irritating to the eye

Febrile Seizure

A temperature of 100.4 that excites the neuronal activity

• Uncontrolled muscle movements, loss of bodily control, and loss of consciousness

Herd Immunity

When enough people In an area (or country) have immunity so that an illness cannot spread easily.

• Requires enough people to either have been infected or get vaccinated

Medi-Medi

Combines medi-care and medi-cal (Dual eligible)

• Navigates both 

Covered California

Health insurance market place

• Connects qualified individuals with insurance or financial assistance for low-income individuals

Medicare

Federal program—Based on age and disability

• SSI: Supplemental security income

• SSDI: Social Security Disability Insurance

Medical

California Medicaid program

Medicaid

Federal and state funded insurance for low-income individuals and families

• Taxes pay - Government pays

diaphoresis

Excessive sweat/extremely sweaty

• Mild, moderate, or serve

60-100 bpm

What is an average heart rate?

12-20 bpm

What is the average respiratory rate?

95-100% indicates sufficient oxygen (more light is absorbed)

What is an average Oxygen Saturation (spO2) percentage?

120/80

What is an average blood pressure?

Hypotension

What is the term for low blood pressure?

HTN/Hypertension

What is the term of high blood pressure?

• Known as the silent killer

1. Nucleoid

2. Cell envelope

3. Ribosomes

4. Cytoplasm

5. Flagella (sometimes

What do Prokaryotes have?

Tachycardia

Over 100 BPM

• Higher heart rates are found in children or in anxious/scared patients