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18 Terms
1
Bill of Attainder
A legislative act that declares a person or group guilty of a crime and imposes punishment without a trial.
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2
Burger Court
The Supreme Court of the United States from 1969 to 1986, known for decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation.
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3
Civil Liberties
Fundamental individual rights protected by law against unwarranted governmental or other interference, including freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and religion.
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4
Civil Rights
The rights of individuals to receive equal treatment and to be free from unfair treatment or discrimination based on legally-protected characteristics.
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5
Clear and Present Danger Test
A legal doctrine determining when limits can be placed on First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, or assembly.
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6
Due Process Rights
Legal guarantees that the government will not deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property without fair procedures and trials.
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7
Establishment Clause
A provision in the First Amendment prohibiting the government from establishing an official religion or favoring one religion over another.
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8
Exclusionary Rule
A legal principle barring evidence obtained in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights from being used in court.
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9
Ex Post Facto Law
A law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions committed before the law's enactment.
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10
Free Exercise Clause
A section of the First Amendment that protects individuals' rights to practice their religion freely without government interference.
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11
Incorporation Doctrine
The process through which selected provisions of the Bill of Rights are applied to the states via the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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12
Libel
A written defamatory statement that conveys an unjustly unfavorable impression and publishes false statements harming someone's reputation.
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13
Prior Restraint
Governmental actions preventing material from being published, often deemed a violation of the First Amendment.
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14
Selective Incorporation
The process by which certain rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights are applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
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15
Slander
A spoken defamatory statement that harms someone's reputation, distinguished from libel as it refers to transient verbal communication.
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16
Symbolic Speech
Nonverbal communication conveying a political message, recognized by the Supreme Court as protected under the First Amendment.
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17
Warren Court
The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, known for expanding civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and the rights of the accused.
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18
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A legal order requiring a prisoner be brought before a judge to determine the legality of their detention.
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