Images to Know for Dr. C's midterm 2/2025 -

The Alexander Mosaic

2nd century BCE

Depicts Alexander the Great fighting Darius III of Persia.

Made of tesserae stones.

The Republican Temples in Largo Argentina

4th century BC

Made with tuffa and travertine

Honored Juturna and Fortuna

The Temple of Portunus

3rd century BC

Made with travertine and tuff

Dedicated to Portunus, the god of keys

The Temple of Hercules Victor

140 BC

Made of Greek Marble

Dedicated to Hercules Victor, protector of traders

The Theater of Pompey

55 BC

Stone and Roman concrete

Dedicated place for Pompey to win crowds over, also had a triumphal temple.

Man with portrait busts of his ancestors

1st century BCE

Made of marble

Shows the honoring of deceased family, pride in ancestry, verism

The "Arringatore" or Orator

100 BCE

bronze

Etruscan in origin, indicates Romanization of Etruscan art

Portrait of Pompey The Great

50 BC

white marble

reflects interest in incorporating Greek styles into Roman art, birth of portraiture, verism

Forum of Caesar

46 BC

marble

the first great forum built outside the Forum Romanum

Julius Caesar

48-44 BC

Marble

Denarius with obverse portrait of Julius Caesar

44 BC

"Director Perpetuo"

A sign of his dictatorship, power, and desire for indefinite reign

Denarius of Brutus

44 BC

Imagery related to the Ides of March and killing of Caesar

Tiber Island

509 BC

Portrait of Octavian as Caesar Divi

40 BCE

Metal

The Primaporta Augustus statue

20 BCE

White marble

Paints emperor augustus is a strong and royal light, deification

Augustus as Pontifex Maximus

12 BCE

marble

Another testament to all of Augustus's power and titles, ushering in a new golden age of Rome

Bust of Livia

1st century BC

white marble

Rome's first matriarch

Heroic statue of Gaius Caesar

1st century BC

marble

commemorative for military successes

Plan of the Forum Romanum in the period of Augustus

Served to glorify Augustus, his family, and his ideals

Temple of Mars Ultor

2 BCE

Luna marble

Honors Mars

Theater of Marcellus

15 BC

Tuff and concrete

Largest theatre in Rome at the time, set a precedent with its facade

THE ARA PACIS AUGUSTAE

13 BC

marble

Altar created to celebrate Augusts's return to Rome and victories in Spain and Gaul

Funerary relief of the Gessii

Pyramid of Gaius Cestius

18-12 BC

concrete, marble, and travertine

built as a masoleum for Cestius, Egyptian influence

Tomb of Eurysaces

30-20 BCE

concrete with travertine

plebian funerary building

Column of Marcus Aurelius

193 AD

Luna marble

A dedication to Marcus Aurelius for his effort in the Barbarian Wars

Mausoleum of Augustus

28 BC

Concrete, brick, tufa

Housed the the ash urns of Augustus and his family, housed the bronze copy of Augustus's Res Gestae

Horologium

Enormous sundial, 13 BC

Used to tell the passing of time, calendar functions, cast a shadow by it gnomon to align perfectly with the doorway of the Ara Pacis on the birthday of Augusts.

Capitoline She-wolf

5 Century BC

Made of Bronze

Etruscan style – bronze

Believed to be made later – middle ages

Roman man with busts of Ancestors

1 Century CE

Made of marble

Shows veristic portraiture

Holding busts of ancestors — shows he is proud of his lineage

Temple of Portunus

Made of Travertine and tufa

Victory Temple

Shows what a typical Roman temple looks like

One entrance – one focal point

~150 BC

Commissioner unknown

Temple of Hercules Victor

~150 BC

Made of Greek Marble

Greek god who came over to Rome

Marcus Octavius Herrenus

Tumulus

Carved out of volcanic bedrock

Tombs date from 8-3rd Century BCE

Included chairs and personal adornment items – wanted to be recognized when went into the underworld

Gold fibula from Regolini-Galassi

~650 BCE

Found in a tomb

Meant to be worn despite size

Made of gold – sign of orientalizing

Cats also a sign of orientalizing

Repousse at the top – metal being stamped

Bottom had new technique – granulation

Sarcophagus of the spouses

~520 BC

Shows Greek influence – archaic style

Block heads

Legs cannot actually turn like that

Shows Etruscan life – women with jewelry

Affection

Villanovan Hut

~7th Century BC

Used for cremation burials

Gives light into what life would be like for the Villanovans

No two urns were the same – shows what houses would look like

Tomb of the Bulls

• ~560 BC

• Shows horror vacui – Etruscans fearing empty space

• Etruscan wall art in a necropolis

• [main register – Achilles and Troilus] Shows two reisters

  • Bottom is unsophisticated – trees all one one base line

  • Top is the scene of a battle between achilles and Troilus in Trohan war

  • Unsure if bottom scene is from the same

• Tomb of Augurs

• ~530 BC

• Shows funerary games

• Very simple painting structures

• Shows reliance on Greek models for Etruscan art

• Found in necropolis

Tomb of Hunting and Fishing

Found in necropolis

~530 BC

Archaic Greek style – not perfect proportions

Enlarged animals for recognition

Unsure if it is representative of a mythological story

Statue of Mars

Made of bronze

~400 BC

Archaic art form

Ficorini Cisita

~350 BC

Shows multiple registers

Made of bronze

Commissioned by a mother for her daughter [shown by inscription]

Toilettree box

Shows with women in Etrusca had – mother bought it

Theatre of Pompey

Made of Roman concrete

~50 BC

Featured a victory temple to Venus Vixtrus on the top

Commissioned by Pompey after his 3 victories on 3 continents in 1 year

Not a theatre, but stairs that led to the temple

Meeting room where Caesar was executed

Senate was against theatres – good Romans don't have leisure

Alexander Mosaic

• ~80 BC

• Made of small stones to make up the photo

• Shows battle 

the orator

• ~90 BC

• Shows stance of orating

•  Made of bronze

• Veristic Portrature

Doryphoros

Commissioned by Polykleitos to show what the perfect statue looks like

~400 BC

Classical period of Greek art

Made of bronze

Features contrapasso – s curve

Portrait of Pompey

~50 BC

Made of marble

Veristic architecture

Augustus

~14 CE

Shows Classical Greek influence

Made of marble

Mausoleum of Augustus

~28 BC

Place of burial

Originally featured a statue of Augustus on top

campus martius

his remains, his wife livia, and his son tiberius are actually there

travertine & earth/brick

Ara Pacis (alter of peace)

13 BC (took 3 years o rebuild)

made of luna marble/carrara, ancient fragment, and plastic caster

depictions

father of romulus and remus

plants – symbolize metamorphosis and change

ideals – peace & war

mars

possibly pax (on the back)

and augustus’ iconic vines – symmetrical spiral of rome.

there were originally doors according to the coins

possibly numa (to the right) because he’s bearded

goddess roma because she’s sitting on armor

greek influence – bucranian ox skulls

depiction of augustus because head is covered