chem fun facts

aluminum

lightest metal commonly usedin comerical applications.

Obtained through the energy Bayer proccess (make al oxide from rocks) and Hall orocess (al oxide —> al )

Oxide that forms ruby, saphire and topaz gemstones

alkali metals (group 1)

have large radii, low ionization energy, low electronegativity and form +1 cations

Oxides and hydrides are basic

react vigouroiusly in water and displace metal M1 + M2X —- M2 + M1X

Coinage metals dont react

Berylium

forms covalent bonds bc of its relatively small size and ability to attract electrons

calcium

building materials —from concrete to teeth

Mg 2+

in chlorophyll makes the molecule more rigid to permit electron transport for photosynthesis instead of energy loss through vibrations

secondary batter design

can be recharged w extrenal power

Lithium-ion; electronics and electric car

Lead- Acid; gas car

NiCd/NiMH- household

minimize liquid or gas prodiction so contents are contained for recharging

Primary batteries

Alkaline,(duracell)

household and cannot be recharged bc difficult to achieev reverse redox reaction

Zn-Hg/ Zn-Air; hearing aids

boron

forms 3 covalent bonds

found in boric which is used to kill ants

borax as a detergent

nitrogen

can asume oxidation states

found in explosives, fertilizers

as an oxide in laughing gas, viagra, smog, preservatives

carbon

3 allotropes

graphit is sp2

diamond is sp3

CO#- is an organix form carvon that is essential in greenhouse gases

CO2 is diprotc acid

CaCO3 is limestrone

Phosphorus

common materials in soap, toothpasye, fertilzer and pesticide

Extracted from Ca3(PO4) 2 rock

Cause algae bloom

Discouraged by enviornmentalist

Halides (1-)

small radii, high ionization enegery, high electroneg

Oxidies and hydrids are acidic

Fluorine

inserts insteasd of OH- in tooth enamel to protect from decay

Chlorine

manufactured as Cl2

strong oxidizing agent

Used disfenction/sanitation

PVC tubes

Noble Gases

Helium-cyrogens

Arr- inert gases

Ne- lights

Sulfuric Acid

most manufactured chmeical in the world

In the wet method haf of it is used to solubilize phisphate in rocks—→ fertilizers

Stronfg acid, oxidizaing agent, dehydrating agent