EPC/OPP/FMHC Exam 3/2

Innominates

Pelvic bones that articulate with the sacrum.

Whats happening in an anterior innominate rotation?

Tightness in iliopsoas/hamstring, will pull the innominate FORWARD

How do you treat an anterior innominate rotation?

Tx using hamstrings

Whats happening in a posterior innominate rotation?

Tightness in hamstrings, pulls innominate backwards

How do you treat a posterior innominate rotation?

Using Quads, iliopsoas, hip flexors

Whats happening in an innominate outflare?

Tight abductors pull innominate outward

How do you treat an innominate outflare?

Adductors

Whats happening in an innominate inflare?

Tight adductors pulls innominate inwards

How do you treat an innominate inflare?

Abductors

Whats happening in an innominate upshear?

Tight GL/iliopsoas pulls innominate up

How do you get an innominate upshear?

Misstep off curb, Trendelenburg gait

Holding child on hip

Whats happening in an innominate downshear?

Trauma pulls innominate down

Not associated with muscles

Oblique Axis

Axis around which sacral torsion occurs.

Seated Flexion Test

Assessment for sacral somatic dysfunction.

Sacral Torsion

Rotation of the sacrum around an axis.

L5 Dysfunction

Lumbar vertebra dysfunction affecting sacral movement.

Bilateral Sacral Dysfunction

Dysfunction affecting both sides of the sacrum.

Forward Torsion

Sacrum rotates in the same direction as L5.

Backward Torsion

Sacrum rotates opposite to L5 rotation.

Spring Test

Test for sacral resistance to anterior force.

Deep Sacral Sulcus

Indicates sacral rotation direction.

Inferior ILA

Inferior lateral angle of the sacrum.

Type I Dysfunction

Neutral dysfunction with no rotation.

Type II Dysfunction

Non-neutral dysfunction with rotation present.

Mitchell Model

Describes relationship between L5 and sacrum rotation.

Lateral Recumbent Position

Position for treating backward torsions.

Modified Sims' Position

Position for treating forward torsions.

Respiratory Assistance

Technique used in muscle energy treatment.

Sacral Flexion Dysfunction

Inability of sacrum to flex properly.

Sacral Extension Dysfunction

Inability of sacrum to extend properly.

L5 Translation

Movement of L5 relative to sacrum.

Right Oblique Axis

Axis for right-sided sacral torsion.

Left Oblique Axis

Axis for left-sided sacral torsion.

Bilateral Extension

Sacrum extended bilaterally during movement.

Flexion/Extension

Movements of sacrum during respiratory cycles.

Asymmetry of Deep Sacrum

Unequal depth of sacral sulci indicating dysfunction.

Positive Seated Flexion Test

Indicates sacral dysfunction on tested side.

Negative Seated Flexion Test

No dysfunction indicated on tested side.

Sacrum Rotation

Movement of sacrum around its axes.

L5 Rotation

Rotation of lumbar vertebra affecting sacrum.

Dysfunction Diagnosis

Identifying specific dysfunctions in sacrum and L5.

Right on Right Torsion

Anterior sacral torsion with lumbar dysfunction.

Muscle Energy Technique

Treatment method using patient's muscle contractions.

Inferior Pubic Shear

Pelvic dysfunction with ASIS and PSIS findings.

Anterior Innominate Rotation

Pelvic rotation causing anterior tilt of innominate.

Standing Flexion Test

Assessment for iliosacral dysfunction laterality.

Superior Pubic Shear

Pelvic dysfunction with superior ASIS and inferior PSIS.

Left Superior Innominate Shear

Left leg abducted and internally rotated during treatment.

Left Inferior Innominate Shear

Left leg placed on physician's leg for treatment.

Left Posteriorly Rotated Innominate

Left leg hanging off table for stabilization.

Left Anteriorly Rotated Innominate

Left leg flexed over physician's shoulder for treatment.

Innominate In-flare

Knee and hip flexed, abduction applied by physician.

Innominate Out-flare

Knee and hip flexed, adduction applied by physician.

Superior Innominate Shear Muscles

External obliques, iliocostalis, longissimus activated.

Inferior Innominate Shear Muscles

Gluteus medius and maximus activated during treatment.

Innominate Out-Flare Muscles

Tensor fascia lata causes lateral pelvic pull.

Innominate In-Flare Muscles

Tight iliacus causes anterior pelvic pull.

Posterior Innominate Rotation Muscles

Tight hip extensors originating from ischial tuberosity.

Anterior Innominate Rotation Muscles

Tight hip flexors causing anterior pelvic rotation.

Pubic Dysfunction

Imbalance between abdominal and adductor muscles.

Reciprocal Inhibition

Agonist contraction allows antagonist relaxation.

Joint Mobilization

Restoring joint mechanics to relieve muscle tension.

Contralateral Swinging

Movement of opposite leg during sacral rotation.

Lumbar Dysfunction

Spinal dysfunction from L1 to L5 affecting sacrum.

Hamstring Syndrome

Pain in posterior thigh due to muscle tightness.

Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction

Pelvic joint dysfunction causing low back pain.

Sciatic Nerve Irritation

Pain caused by compression of the sciatic nerve.

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Blood clot in deep veins causing leg pain.

Rectus Abdominis

Vertical muscle in the abdominal wall.

External Abdominal Oblique

Superficial muscle aiding trunk rotation.

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Deeper muscle assisting trunk flexion.

Pectineus

Muscle involved in hip flexion and adduction.

Adductor Brevis

Short muscle aiding hip adduction.

Adductor Longus

Long muscle assisting in hip adduction.

Adductor Magnus

Large muscle facilitating hip adduction.

Gracilis

Thin muscle aiding hip adduction and flexion.

Caudad

Directional term meaning inferior or downward.

Cephalad

Directional term meaning superior or upward.

Iliopsoas

Major hip flexor muscle group.

Sartorius

Longest muscle aiding hip flexion and rotation.

Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps muscle involved in knee extension.

Gluteus Maximus

Largest muscle for hip extension and rotation.

Piriformis

Muscle aiding hip external rotation.

Biceps Femoris

Hamstring muscle aiding knee flexion.

Semitendinosus

Hamstring muscle assisting in knee flexion.

Semimembranosus

Hamstring muscle contributing to knee flexion.

Relaxin

Hormone that relaxes pelvic ligaments during pregnancy.

EHR

Electronic Health Record for patient data management.

Clinical Decision Support

Tools providing patient-specific health information.

Discrete Data

Quantifiable data like lab results.

Free Text

Unstructured data like typed notes.

Binary Data

Data in two states, e.g., images.

Direct Cost

Costs directly tied to healthcare resources.

Indirect Cost

Costs from societal losses due to illness.

Intangibles

Costs related to suffering and quality of life.

Opportunity Cost

Benefit lost when choosing one option over another.

Health Microeconomics

Study of healthcare at individual or firm level.

Health Macroeconomics

Study of healthcare at national or international level.

Total Cost

Sum of all expenditures over a time period.

Average Cost

Total cost divided by units produced.