7. Joint Disorders: Dislocation

Dislocation

Displacement of bone from joint capsule.

Pathophysiology

Trauma or instability → joint misalignment → Capsule and ligament stretching or tearing.

Signs and Symptoms

• Visible deformity

• severe pain

• swelling, loss of mobility

Risk Factors

• Contact sports

• Falls

• History of Dislocations

• weak supporting muscles

Diagnostics

1. X-ray : Confirms bone displacement

2. CT Scan : if fractures or vascular compromise suspected

Nursing Management

• Immobilize joint

• Neurovascular assessment (CMS check - Circulatory, Motor, Sensory Check)

• Prepare for reduction (closed or open)

Pharmacologic Treatment

1. Morphine : Pain relief

2. Diazepam: relieve muscle spasms

3. Sedatives: Procedural sedation for reduction.

Surgical Interventions

🛠 Closed Reduction (Manual Realignment)

• Indication: Recent dislocation without fracture

• Purpose: Repositions dislocated joint manually without surgery

• Post-op: Immobilization (sling/splint), neurovascular assessment, pain control

.🛠 Open Reduction (ORIF – Open Reduction Internal Fixation)

• Indication: Failed closed reduction or associated fracture

• Purpose: Surgically repositions and stabilizes joint with pins/plates/screws

• Post-op: Wound care, infection prevention, physical therapy