TFN: U4 Nightingale, Henderson, & Peplau

Florence Nightingale, Virginia Avenel Henderson, Hildegard E. Peplau

What three theorists are discussed?

May 12, 1820

Birthdate of Florence Nightingale

International Nurses Day

Holiday celebrated on Nightingale’s Birthdate

Environmental Theory

Theory of Florence Nightingale

Healthy surroundings are necessary and environment should be modified to enhance patient recovery

2 Major Concepts of Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Venus Has a Pretty Nose. Vashti Forgot her Food on her Bed, Like how Chloe Puked on a Chair Opening.

Mnemonic to Remember Nightingale’s 13 Canons as Guide to Nursing Care

Ventilation & Warmth, Health of Houses, Petty Management, Noise, Variety, Food Intake, Food, Bed & Bedding, Light, Cleanliness, Personal Cleanliness, Chatting hopes and advice, Observation of Patient

Nightingale’s 13 Canons as Guide to Nursing Care

Ventilation & Warmth

Canon stating air should be flowing

Pure air, pure water, effective drainage, cleanliness, light

5 essential points of the Health of Houses Canon

Petty Management

Canon stating how unit should be managed to ensure the continuity of care

Noise

Canon stating that sound should be kept at a minimum to avoid disturbing the patient

Variety

Canon stating that client should be exposed to different recreational activities to change their mood

Food Intake

Canon stating that nurse should monitor the frequency and amount of meals of patient

Food

Canon stating that the nurse should acknowledge that the meal of the patient depends on their medical case, culture, or religion

Bed & Bedding

Canon stating that resting area of patient should be well kept not damp or soiled and should be at the lowest height possible to enable safe and easy movement of the patient

Light

Canon stating that patients should be expose to sun to bring out brighter emotion

Cleanliness in Rooms & Walls

Canon stating that nurse is responsible to clean bed, wall to wall, door knob, especially if a new patient will be admitted in the room

Personal Cleanliness

Canon stating that nurse should act a surrogate for the patient in doing actions they can’t do themselves, such as oral care and washing hair

Chattering Hopes & Advices

Canon stating that nurse shouldn’t give false hopes, rather advice that excludes personal thoughts and only includes factual advice

Observation of Patient

Canon stating that nurse is responsible for assessing and documenting the patient’s condition

Florence Nightingale

Theorist that views the nursing metaparadigm as a “Service to God in the relief of man”, way to alter patient’s environment in the best possible situation, responsible for someone’s health needs

Florence Nightingale

Theorist that referred to the person metaparadigm as a “passive patient” (waiting for care), must consider patient preferences

Florence Nightingale

Theorist that referred to the health metaparadigm as “being well and using every power one has”, disease as a “reparative process that nature instituted when one did not attend to health concerns”, as well as Sick Nursing (health restoration) and Health Nursing (health promotion)

Florence Nightingale

Theorist that referred to the environment metaparadigm as external (including temperature, bedding) and internal (including food, water); nursing is healing the patient in a way that is consistent with the laws of nature

Nursing Need Theory

Theory of Virginia Avenel Henderson

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Founded the Nursing Need Theory

November 30, 1897; Kansas City, Missouri

Birthdate & Location of Henderson

BA from Army School of Nursing, MA from Columbia University

Education of Henderson

Nurses care until a patient can care for themself, nurses should be willing to serve, nurses should be educated at science and art

3 Major Assumptions of Henderson’s Nursing Need Theory

Peaceful Death

Term that usually refers to Henderson’s work

14

Number of Components in Henderson’s Need Theory

Breathe normally, eat and drink adequately, eliminate body waste, Move and maintain desirable postures, Sleep and rest; Select suitable clothes, dress and undress; Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment, Keep the body clean and well-groomed and protect the integument, Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring other

9 (out of 14) Physiological Needs according to Henderson’s Need Theory

1. Communicate with others in expressing needs

2. Learn, discover, satisfy curiosity that leads to normal development and health

2 (out of 14) Psychological Needs according to Henderson’s Need Theory

Worship according to patient’s faith

1 (out of 14) Spiritual/Moral Need according to Henderson’s Need Theory

Provide a sense of accomplishment & play/participate in various forms of recreation

2 (out of 14) Sociological Need according to Henderson’s Need Theory

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Theorist that referred to the person metaparadigm as requiring assistance to achieve independence or die peacefully; patient is composed of 4 inseparable components: Biological, Psychological, Sociological Spiritual

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Theorist that referred to the environment metaparadigm as a mix of external and internal factors and nurse should create a supportive environment to meet patient’s needs

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Theorist that referred to the health metaparadigm as assisting individuals in achieving/maintaining optimal health, state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, health promotion, disease prevention and treatment

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Theorist that referred to the nursing metaparadigm as providing temporary assistance to a person that lacks strength, help person achieve independence

Substitute, Helper, Partner

Unofficial Roles Under the Nursing Need Theory

Substitute

According to Henderson; role in which nurse has to embody the role of providing the knowledge of will and strength

Helper

According to Henderson; role in which nurse has to assist patient achieve independence

Partner

According to Henderson; role in which nurse collaborate and empowers patient to create care plan

Hildegard E. Peplau

Founder of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Theory founded by Peplau

September 1, 1909; Reading, Pennsylvania

Birthdate & Location of Peplau

Mother of Psychiatric Nursing

Title for Hildegard Peplau

Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, Resolution

4 Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationship

Orientation

Phase of Nurse-Patient Relationship that is the initial encounter between nurse and patient during admission

Identification

Phase of Nurse-Patient Relationship in which nurse tries to establish what they can do to help the client, nurse must sustain constant positive environment for patient, identify role in the problematic situation

Exploitation

Phase of Nurse-Patient Relationship in which nurse and patient have a mutual understanding of the problem and both identify shared health goals

Resolution

Phase of Nurse-Patient Relationship in which patient achieves independence, collaborative efforts have productively solved the problem

Stranger, Resource Person, Teacher, Leader, Surrogate, Counselor

6 Nursing Roles According to Peplau

Stranger

Peplau Nursing role in which nurse has unique beliefs and values from the patient

Resource Person

Peplau nursing role in which nurse gives answers to patient’s questions as a professional with proper credentials

Teacher

Peplau nursing role in which nurse educates patient on health needs, nurse must be aware of what way of discussion to use

Leader

Peplau nursing role in which nurse advocated order in patient care and ward management

Surrogate

Peplau nursing role in which nurse temporarily provides care where patient can’t perform independently

Counselor

Peplau nursing role in which nurse advocates therapeutic communication, listen to patient’s concerns, and explore further the meaning of the medical problem