Unit Two : The Era of British Colonialism

James Oglethorpe

Founder of the colony Georgia

John Winthrop

One of the leading figures; wrote “city upon the hill” in founding the Massachusetts Bay colony

William Berkeley

Governor of Virginia and one of the Lord Proprietors of the colony of Carolina

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island and advocated for the separation of church and state

William Bradford

Governor of Plymouth; helped shape political institutions of the first permanent colony in New England

William Penn

Founder of Philadelphia and the state of Pennsylvania

The Calverts

Roman Catholics that founded Maryland; led by George Calvert

What precipitated the Salem Village witchcraft crisis occured for which of the following reasons?

The city was claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft

How did Virginia change as the tobacco boom of the 1630s and 1640s receded?

As the tobacco boom recedes people start to grow other things; diversity of crops was good for economy

When and why did slavery as a permanent condition of servitude develop in Virginia?

In 1619, the first black Africans came to Virginia. With no slave laws in place, they were initially treated as indentured servants and given the same opportunities for freedom as whites

Describe the philosophy of mercantilism. Why did Great Britain seek to control colonial trade?

Sought to increase power of a nation through restrictive slave practices. Wanted to keep and gain money and power

What were the Navigation Acts? How did their enforcement (or lack of) impact the colonies?

Acts of parliament intended to promote self-sufficiency. Prevented the colonies from shipping any goods anywhere without stopping at an English port

What issues were involved in triggering Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion? Who supported Bacon?

The oppressive legislation, taxation policy, restrictive voting, and representation rights and emerging social classes

What was the significance of the Great Awakening of the 1730s-40s?

Led to the separation of church and state and by extension, to the final sundering relations between Great Britain and the American colonies

Why were seventeenth century New England and the West Indies inter-related?

Sugar sent to make rum,run is sent back to drink, slavery

What was Leisler’s Rebellion? Where did it take place?

A revolt against colonial authority; Colonial New York

What were the causes of tensions between colonists living in the East and those is the West? How did these tensions occasionally lead to conflict? Use examples in your answer.

Encroachment and Britain’s diplomatic policies. Ex. The proclamation of 1763

How was the French and Indian War part of a larger World War?

Subsequently frontier policy and paying the war’s expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution

What was the decisive battle in the French and Indian War?

Battle of Quebec

What was the legal status of slaves in the British colonies (particularly in the south)?

Slaves couldn’t travel without a written pass. They were forbidden to learn, read, and write

Which economic activities were the most common in the colonies?

Agriculture, maritime activities

What role was played by colonial cities?

Central markets for colonies’ crops, ores, and other output, and they stimulated the colonial “industry” of artisans and craftsmen

What was the legal status for Anglo-American women in colonial times?

Not allowed to own property unless their husband died

What was the importance of the Proclamation of 1763?

Prohibited Angle-American colonist from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War (West of the Appalachians)

Describe the colonists’ role in the Seven Years War ( French and Indian War ), and indicate the consequences of the French defeat for Americans.

American colonists fought alongside the British Army. Support that tipped the balance of military power in favor of the United States and paved the way for the continental army’s ultimate victory

What were the key results of the French and Indian War?

The American Revolution, due to colonial discontent from paying war expenses

What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?

Armed conflict between the British Empire and Indian tribes following the 7 years war

Assess the winners and losers regarding the Treaty of Paris.

The British received Quebec and the Ohio Valley. The Port of New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi was ceded to Spain (British ally); All French territory on mainland of North America was lost.

How was the Albany Plan an example of colonial disunity?

Allowed new government to levy taxes for its own support

Summarize the policy of Indian tribes living in the Ohio Valley during the colonial period.

Put the French and English against each other

Compare the relative importance of formal education in the North and South.

North- educated for religion South-only for the rich

What was important about the case of John Peter Zenger?

Made people care about the freedom of the press

Describe and discuss the importance of American population growth during the period 1700-1775.

Made colonies expand, conquest by the cradle, first cities and rivaling England

Describe the origins and development of education, culture, and colonial unity in the British American colonies.

Education- Northern, most colleges in New England

Culture- many nationalities and religions

Who were the Paxton Boys? Where were they from and what was their purpose?

Known for murdering 20 susquehannock men, women, and children in events collectively called the conestoga massacre. From central Pennsylvania and purpose was to terrorize local American Indians in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and Pontiac’s war. Wanted to kill all Indians