Unit 1 English 10

What was the Mesopotamian geography like?

"The Land Between Two Rivers"; between the Tigris and Euphrates River; Modern Iraq

What was the Sumerian writing system?

Cuneiform; wedge-shaped, signs familiar to archeologists

What were some Mesopotamian technological advances

a system of numeration based on 60; the creation of cities; the ziggurat; First ever written story

What was the order of Mesopotamian civilizations?

Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian

What was Egyptian geography like?

arose along the banks of the Nile River; "The gift of the Nile"; fertile land

What was the Nile most useful for?

Fertile land, water highway for trade, a source of fish

What were the three Egyptian kingdoms?

Old Kingdom (2700-2200 B.C), Middle Kingdom (2050-1800 B.C), New Kingdom (1570-1090 B.C.)

What was the Egyptian writing system?

Hieroglyphics; a system based on pictures to one in which symbols could also represent sounds

What were hieroglyphs written on?

papyrus

What was the Egyptian hierarchy order? (top to bottom)

pharaoh, priests and nobles, middle class (artisans, merchants, physicians), peasants and slaves

How many Gods did the Hebrews believe in?

one

What was Moses' importance to the hebrews?

Through Moses, God gave the Hebrews a way out of Egypt where they became enslaved and a set of laws called the ten commandments

What was the covenant between God and his people?

God would protect the Hebrews form their enemies as long as the Hebrews obeyed him

what is the etymology of the term "bible"?

biblia (the books)

What was the Torah?

The first five books of the Bible, (The first 1/3 of Bible)

What was the central theme of Gilgamesh?

the search for immortality

How much God and Human is Gilgamesh?

2/3 god, 1/3 human

What was Gilgamesh's motive for battling Humbaba?

For Gilgamesh to gain fame, recognition

The Hebrews are located in?

Cannan

Which scribes helped reshape Sumerian tales?

Babylonian

Due to ______________, the Hebrews migrated to Egypt

famine

_____________ led the Hebrews back to Canaan

Moses

These people battled with Babylonians, but still recognized the superiority of their respective cultures

Assyrians

The Hebrews' sense of historical mission has influenced our modern idea that history moves _____________ rather than circling and re-circling in endless cycles

forward

The Hebrews recorded history in a sacred text called...

the bible

In Egyptian religion...

Gods were associated with forces of nature (the worship of a single god was introduced, Aton, and the idea of a single god died with the king)

Egyptians developed...

geometry and Old, middle, and new kingdom literature

Monotheism is the basis for religions like...

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

when we speak of civilization, we usually mean...

cities

About ___________ years ago, several major civilizations developed in the river valleys of southwest Asia

4,000

The ______________ battled over the Holy Land

Hebrews

These people were enslaved by the Egyptians

Hebrews

Even though Gilgamesh knows he will die eventually, he is comforted by the fact that:

His city, Uruk, will live on

How is Utnapishtim able to survive the flood?

Ea instructs him in a dream

What happens to the plant that Gilgamesh finds in the sea that will refresh his youth?

A snake eats it

Who warned Utnapishtim of the flood and told him to build a boat?

Ea

Gilgamesh is considered what kind of narrative poem?

An epic poem

What motivates Gilgamesh to seek out Utnapishtim?

He wants Utnapishtim to tell him how to become immortal

What did Utnapishtim offer the gods in thanks for surviving the flood?

Burnt wood and poured out a libation

How did Utnapishtim know when the floodwater had receded enough to find land?

The bird didn't return at all

Which god(s) sent the flood in Gilgamesh?

All of them agreed to it, but Enlil actually sent it

What is especially impressive about Gilgamesh's city?

the mud brick walls, ishtar's temple, all the festivals and music

In order to survive the flood, what did Utnapishtim build the boat out of?

His reed house

What did Enkidu dream about?

Entering the Underworld

Which character was created to be a rival to Gilgamesh?

Enkidu

What was Gilgamesh's final challenge during his search for eternal life?

To stay awake for seven days, six nights

Gilgamesh is the king of...

Uruk

Gilgamesh, at first, is...

arrogant

Where did Humbaba live?

Cedar forest

What does Enkidu mean when he advises Gilgamesh "First entrap the bird, and where shall the chicks run then"?

After Humbaba is captured, his followers will have nowhere to go

Compared with Enkidu, Gilgamesh seems to be more...

thoughtful

How did the gods react to the flood in Gilgamesh?

they cried, hid from it, and regretted sending it

True or False: Gilgamesh killed Humbaba without any help

False

What did Enlil do when he found out Utnapishtim survived the flood?

Enlil gave Utnapishtim eternal life

"Enkidu's Dream of the Underworld" suggest that Enkidu is...

afraid of being punished for his deed

What was Shamash's role in Gilgamesh vs. Humbaba?

He sent winds to help battle Humbaba

What is shamash allegorical of?

it shows that everyone sometimes needs help (the good/light)

What does Gilgamesh mean when he says, "if your heart is fearful throw away fear"?

He means a battle must be fought to its conclusion

How does Gilgamesh show compassion toward Humbaba?

He tried to convince Enkidu that they shouldn't kill Humbaba and just let Humbaba return home

What is Gilgamesh's sacrifice to the Gods?

Humbaba's severed head

What was the reaction of the Gods when Gilgamesh brought Humbaba's head?

Enlil was enraged

How does the death of Enkidu change Gilgamesh?

Gilgamesh is greatly saddened, he grew fearful of death

What was the purpose of the story of the flood to Gilgamesh?

It was to show Gilgamesh that Utnapishtim's gaining of immortality was unique and non-repeatable.

What was the reason for the flood in Gilgamesh?

Enlil was enraged with how mankind was acting and wanted to exterminate mankind

What does pastoral mean in "pastoral poetry"?

poetry dealing with shepard/rural life

pastoral poetry speaker?

sophisticated artist taking the role of a simple character

What is escapist literature?

literature that is different that what happens in day to day life of a non complicated person

What is the mood in the beginning vs the end of "Your love, Dear Man, is as Lovely to me"?

the beginning has a sensual mood, while the end has a peaceful/serene mood

What is the speaker's intended actions in "I think I'll Go Home and Lie Very Still"?

to show that a boy is love sick for a girl and not actually sick

What motivates the speaker in "I think I'll Go Home and Lie Very Still"?

The boy wants the girl to notice him

What is the speaker in "The Voice of the Swallow, Flittering, Calls to Me"?

The speaker is a female speaker

What is the Egyptian Book of the Dead?

It is placed with the bodies during burial and is thought to be their travel guide to the underworld

When is the Egyptian book of the Dead used?

It is used during the burial of an eqyptian, they use it as their guide.

Who is god of the dead?

Osiris

who is God of judgment/law?

Ma'at

What is an Archetype?

a symbol, image, or pattern that appears in the myths, literature, and visual art of many different people.

What was the purpose of Genesis 1?

Acts of creation, ending with the creation of man

What was the purpose of Genesis 2?

A second version of creation begins; man created from dust; God plants gardens like farmers; ends with creation of woman

What was the purpose of Genesis 3?

The fall of Adam and Eve; eating of the forbidden fruit; expelled from eden

What two realms does the world-tree link together?

man and divine (god)

How is the first creation story different compared to the second creation story?

First Version:

-Chain of creation moves from less sophisticated creature to most sophisticated creature.

Second Version:

-dramatic, colorful, human style

-characters are more relatable

- God seems approachable

- More feeling evoked

What was God's reasoning for creating the flood in Genesis?

to punish mankind for its sins

How was Gods reaction to the flood in Genesis different than it was in Gilgamesh?

In Genesis God was not surprised or terrified by the flood. In Gilgamesh the gods were terrified by the flood

What was God's covenant after the flood?

God promises to never again destroy in this way

Why was Noah chosen?

Noah was righteous, just, followed God's teachings and was devout

What is the Biblical Archeology?

Search for artifacts and records related to the Bible

What is an overview of the search for Noah's Ark?

Many claim to have proof, nothing concrete

What is an overview of the Dead Sea Scrolls?

Found by boys in 1947 near the Dead Sea; Scrolls of the Old Testament

What was the method of confirming a transfer of property?

One man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor

Who was Ruth's great-grandson?

David

What country was Ruth from?

Moab (she marries and Israelite)

What was the name of Ruth's son by Boaz?

Obed

When Boaz came to his field, how did he greet his workers?

"The Lord be with you"

What were the names of Elimelech's two sons?

Mahlon and Chilion