Foreign Policy Semester one final

Lefors first semester final for Foreign Policy

Continuity principle

US foreign policy from one administration to another stays more the same than it changes

Elites vs. Masses

Elites believe the US should have a large role in foreign affairs and masses believe we should stay out, (elites usually can see the relationship better)

What is idealism?

The idea of what should drive the US in world affairs idealists believe in a world order, laws, human rights

Self-Interest

Self-interest believe that the US should only act if its our own self interest 

What is hard power?

Money, military, how can we get our influence seen on the world stage. Economic incentive to Egypt to not bomb Israel 

GDP

The total value of goods and services of a nation in a year 

hegemony

when one nation has real or implied power over another nation or nations 

Per Capital GDP

On average its the average income of an area to figure out the standard of living

zero sum game

The philosophy that if there is a winner there must be a looser

What is the UN Security council

A group of countries that decides if the UN takes action or not

Composition of the UN security council

5 permanent members and 6 rotating members

Who are the 5 permanent members of the UN security council

United Kingdom, United States of America, Russia, China, and France

Executive Branch's power in Foreign Policy

state and defense the two main things that deal with international affairs. POTUS is head of state.

Legislative branch's power in foreign policy

power to declare war, control finances (Funding embassies, war, military) everything must be approved by senate

Zionism

Jewish nationalism, the belief that there should be a state for the Jewish people to be safe 

Dreyfus Affairs

Jewish officer in the French military is accused of treason but it is later found out that he was the scapegoat spurred the idea for the book “Der Judenstaat” by Theodor Hertzl 

six day war

Middle eastern countries conspired to attack Israel and started a preemptive attack, the jews won and that gave underdog power to the jews. It happened in 1967 at the time they occupy both west bank gaza strip, 

Hamas

terrorist organization that also happens to be the controlling party for the Gaza strip, have terrorist activities  and dominate party in the legislature

Gaza Strip

HOE as a part of the Oslo accords Israel has left and has become a refugee camp

camp David accords

Jimmy Carter, the Egyptians and Israelis and the Egyptians had to get peace with Israel to stop all wars with Israel and we got them to do so because they were in economic troubles and we offered them money 

Oslo Accords

In 1990 Norwegian diplomats and President Clinton brokered a treaty called the Two State Solution D.G. Israel lives in peace and Palestine exists

Motivations for US support for Israel

Evangelical Christians believe jews need to occupy Israel such as in the Second book of revelations so that the second coming of Christ can happen, we share intelligence with them because we both experienced tragedies of Islamic based terrorism 

AIPAC

American-Israel-Political-Action-Committee; influential, well connected, powerful interest group. Put lots of power and pressure on american politicians 

Two-State Solution

Israel and Palestine peacefully coexist, and Palestine would be the Gaza strip and the west bank 

Yitzahk Rabin

Israeli PM who agreed to the Oslo accords and shook hands with Yasser Arafat on the White House Lawn, who is considered a terrorist, he was later killed by an Israeli nationalist for trading them in 

Yassar Arafat

Leader of the PLO (Palestine Leadership Organization) and becomes the first PM of the PNA (Palasteinian National Authority) 

AIOC

Anglo Iranian Oil Company, when England tries to take over Iran by taking over all of their oil and giving Iran 16% of their stuff, gave British and Americans access to cheap oil 

Coup d’état of 1953

Iranians put in power someone who would make Iran rich off of their oil, Mohammed Mossadeq, Britain and US were like woah woah woah wrong person yo, so we sent in MI6 and CIA to start a revolution, so we did our thing and put in

Ruhollah Khomeini 

Islamin cleric living in exile, harsh critic of the Shah and the shah was like peace out and he was exiled and so he was like ayo bro let me record a speech on a cassette and  smuggle it into the country and play them in mosques

Islamic Revolution of 1979

Shah is overthrown and Iran changes their government to a theocracy which is based in Islam

Shah of Iran

Western friendly got cancer came to US and caused a huge issue, had secret police

Iran Hostage Crisis

Under Khomeini wanted the US to send the shah back to Iran to try him as a war criminal and because he had a lot of financial assets that they believed belonged to the Iranian people, Iranian college students stormed the embassy and held the hostages for 444 days which becomes mute because the Shah dies and we gave them some money but waited till carter was not president

Purpose of the Supreme Leader in Iran

Rules everything in the Iranian state, nothing happens that the SL does not want to happen 

What were the parameters of the Iran Nuclear Deal

Iran would get relief from economic sanctions would lower uranium stockpile, lower levels of enrichment of uranium, and lowered the amount of centrifuges, and had to agree to inspections

Pyongyang

Capital of North Korea

Who is Kim Jong-Un

Authoritarian leader of North Korea, an illiberal democracy.

What is an “Illiberal Democracy”

On the outside it Is supposed to look like a democracy however behind the scenes tends to be an authoritarian rule

Juche

The North Korean philosophy that being self reliant is the best pride you can have, it makes you the master of your destiny

Songun

Prioritization of the military, all products and goods go to the military first in order to keep the military liking the government so they don't revolt

What is the population of China

Largest population on Earth, roughly 1.4 billion

China’s economy

2nd largest GDP in the world and Per Capita GDP is very low

What is an SEZ

Specialized Economic Zone, freest form of capitalism in the world

Who was Mao Zedong

Leader of the communist revolution in China

Taiwan

separated from China after the communist revolution but china thinks its a part of china and Taiwan  believes its independent, fears that if Taiwan tries to more aggressively then china will attack 

Tibet

Tried for independence in the past, wanted independence because during the communist regime Tibetan Buddhism and the Dalai Lama lives in exile

Hong Kong

Territory in china returned to china in 1996 from Britain, operate as a democracy have free trade, however in recent years china has taken steps to practice its authority over Hong Kong, “Umbrella Revolution” practice on extradition law 

Human Rights violations in China

lack of protection for workers, they are subjected to inhuman treatment and military style punishments not allowed to use the bathroom, low wages, overtime, harsh conditions, One child policy led to an infanticide and forced sterilization, gender selective abortion, Excessive use of the death penalty

Who is Xi Jinping

leader of China, he had the communist party change the rules so he has no terms

Tienanmen Square

location in china, 1983 pro democracy protest which the government put down due to force

Uyghurs

Muslim group in the North western province in China, currently being put into concentration camps because they are muslim

Source of power in China’s government

Communist party, government politicians are there to act out the will of the communist party 

Russian Economy

Primarily an energy economy, supply Europe with its natural gas and oil

Duma

Russian parliament, a rubber stamp so that means it's dominated by Pro Putin factions that execute his will

President of Russia

Semi-Presidential, president is head of state constitutionally elected to 6 year terms and currently can not serve more than 2 consecutive terms

Prime Minister of Russia

head of government appointed by president

Chechen's

a region of Russia that are separatist, Russia has told them no, primarily Muslim

Oligarchs

Heads of major industries in russia, super wealthy, when Russia went from communism to capitalism only a few families had the power to buy those companies that were up for grabs, but had to be pro putin or they would go missing, many live in exile

Statism

Philosophy that the Russians generally think that the government should have an active role in their lives or at least welcome the idea, simultaneously believe their government is full of corruption

Common methods of Authoritarian Rule

secret police, control of the media, fraudulent elections, control over public protest

Who created the “ethnicity” in Rwanda?  How did they decide ethnicity?

Belgians, separated the slightly taller with a skinnier nose, also they were pastoral (tutsi), and the hutu were darker bigger nose, and they were farmers

What role did Media and Propaganda play in the Rwandan genocide?

Hutu power newspapers and radio stations, ways that they not only radicalized the Hutu population a lot of the planning of the genocide was conducted

Estimated death toll in Rwandan Genocide

800,000-1,000,000 in a 3 month period 

In the Rwandan Genocide who were the aggressors and who were the victims

Hutu: aggressors

Tutsi: victims

What two ethnic groups are the center of the ethnic tensions in the Darfur region of the Sudan?

arabs vs. Africans

Who were the Janjaweed and what was their role in this genocide?

military group (paramilitary) conducting most of the violence 

What is the biggest political consequence of this genocide?

Started over resource scarcity somewhere over 1.5 million refugees, Creation of  South Sudan