Enzymes and digestion

What food particles need to be broken down in order to be digested?

What food particles need to be broken down in order to be digested?

• starch

• proteins

• fats

What are the smaller molecules for absorption called from foods in the human body?

• glucose

• maltose

• amino acids

• glycerol

• fatty acids

Why are food particles broken down for absorption?

to make them smaller and soluble so they can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system

What enzyme breaks down starch?

carbohydrate → amylase

What is starch broken down into from amylase?

maltose

Where is amylase found?

• salivary glands

• Pancreas

• small intestine

What enzyme is used to break down proteins?

proteases

What does protease break proteins down into?

amino acids

Where is protease found?

• stomach (called pepsin)

• pancreas

• small intestine

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

lipases

What do lipases break lipids down into to?

glycerol and fatty acids

Where are lipases found?

• pancreas

• small intestine

Where is bile produced?

liver

Where is bile stored?

gall bladder

Why is bile needed?

• neutralise the HCL in the stomach

• allows enzymes to work properly

• HCl in stomach can be too acidic

• Bile is an alkaline so causes a neutralisation reaction

• Emulsifies fat → breaks the fat into smaller particles to increase the SA for lipases to work on

Where are enzymes produced in the digestive system?

• glands

• gut lining

What is the purpose of enzymes?

catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules

Identify the locations and functions of the organs in the digestive system.

mouth (salivary glands): produce amylase enzyme in the saliva

Oesophagus (gullet): tube to transport food to other organs

Stomach:

• pummels food with muscular walls

• produces pepsin (protease enzyme)

• produces HCl to kill bacteria and provide the right pH for pepsin

Liver: produces bile to neutralise stomach cid and emulsify lipids

Gall bladder: bile is stored before bing released into small intestine

Pancreas: produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes

large intestine: excess water is absorbed from food

small intestine: produces digestive enzymes to complete digestions, and is where nutrients are absorbed inot the blood

Rectum: where faeces are stores before being released through the anus