Final Exam

olivet nazarene university, frisuis, THEO-110

List the ways Christians think about Jesus:

1. Jesus as Messiah

2. 100% God

3. Model for the Life of Faith

4. Saved us from sin

5. Shows us what God is like

Christianity is the only major faith to focus attention on the death of its founder:

True

The first human witnesses to the resurrection were women:

true

This emperor saw a heavenly vision which ordered him to place the sign of the cross on his soldiers’ shields:

Constantine

The Septuagint is:

Greek version of the Bible from Hebrew

List the responses to heresy:

if Christians did not worship greek gods once a year they were outwardly persecuted

Distinguish the elements of Greek culture the early Christians participate in from those elements they refused to participate in

Christians refused to participate in theatre, athletics, military, and government

The early church was known for the care of widows and orphans:

true

List the reasons that the Romans persecuted Christians:

1. Christianity was an illegal religion

2. Christians to them were atheists and idiots

3. Christians were criminals

4. Christians were bad citizens

5. Christians ate babies

Roman persecution tended to be systematic and empire wide:

true

Identify the Apologists’ response to persecution:

1. ask for fair treatment

2. criminal activity is against Christian teaching

3. we are desirable citizens

4. Greek philosophy supports an invisible, supreme God

5. christians pray for the empire

6. christians care for orphans and widows

7. description of worship services

This edict brought an end to the persecution of Christians:

Edict of Toleration, Edict of Milan

List the impacts of Constantine on the church:

1. There was a huge surge in popularity from about 20% to 65% of the population

2. Prestige of Bishops

3. Increased wealth among Christians

This is the Latin translation of the Bible completed by Jerome:

Vulgate

List the major contributions of Augustine:

1, Doctrine of Purgatory

2. Original sin-infant baptism

3. Denial of imperial theology - The city of God

4. Just war theory

5. Development of imago dei theology

6. His theology echoes throughout the middle ages

List the factors in the rise of the papacy:

1. Location

2. Double apostolic Foundation

3. Model of apostolic succession

4. Bold claims- Easter controversy

5. Theological mediation

6. Esteem for Peter

7. Missionary endeavors

8. Outstanding Popes - Leo 1 the Great and Gregory 1 the Great

Identify the characteristics of the Carolingian Renaissance:

1. Secular Matters:

   1. interest in education

   2. scientific investigation

   3. possible early university

2. Church Matters

   1. Sundays off, mandatory church attendance

   2. tithe through taxes

   3. poor person’s bible

   4. preaching in the vernacular

   5. appoint and remove bishops

   6. fund monasteries

This group was initially focused on absolute poverty as the goal:

Franciscans

This group was founded as a means to evangelize the poor heretics:

Dominicans

This intellectual tradition began in the schools and considered the relationship between faith and reason

Scholasticism

This pope is typically considered as the height of medieval papal power:

Gregory VII

The term Bible is used by Christians to refer to the collection of writings that they regard as authoritative

true

The Gospels were written during Jesus' lifetime:

false

List the criterion in deciding acceptance into the New Testament canon:

apostolicity, orthodoxy, and widespread use

Christianity offers a specific reading of the Old Testament which differs from Jewish readers:

 

true

Christians tend to view the New Testament as continuing and extending the witness to the words and deeds of the God of Israel:

true

Simony refers to:

the buying and selling of church offices

This person posted 95 theses which objected to the Roman Catholic practice of indulgences:

Martin Luther

Identify the major beliefs of Martin Luther about righteousness

1. God’s righteousness is His grace

2. God’s grace allows us to stand in His presence

List the influences on the thought of John Calvin:

1. Sovereignty of God

2. Dependence on God

3. Study of Greek and Latin

4. Corruption of humanity from sin

5. unity and equality of humanity

Identify major elements of the English Reformation:

List the major Protestant positions:

1. Justification by faith

2. use of the vernacular

3. two sacraments - communion of both kinds

4. reject of papal authority

5. priority of scripture

6. tradition is helpful, but not authoritative

7. priesthood of al believers

8. reject purgatory - “soul sleep”

9. suspicion of Marian thought (ideas of the virgin Mary) and regeneration of saints (they believe this is nothing more than idolatry)

Identify the reforms prescribed by the Council of Trent:

1. remove simony and benefices

2. Bishops must visit their churches

3. local seminaries

4. Bishop is pastor and teacher

5. mass is regulate

6. no reform of the pope

List the groups identified as the Holiness movements:

1. anabaptists

2. puritans

3. piests

The Great Awakening was characterized by an emphasis on conversion and conviction of sin:

true

This person focused on prevenient grace and free will:

John Wesley

During the Enlightenment, revelation was seen as the primary source of authority:

false

The idea that nothing is purely objective is characteristic of:

causality

This Christian thinker believed that faith was messy and risky:

Kierkegaard

List the decisions of Vatican II:

1. seek christian unity and pastoral reform

2. participate in the ecumenical movement

3. inclusion of eastern orthodox

4. Protestants as separated brethren

5. use of the vernacular

6. Mass should consider the needs of individual cultures

7. encourage reading the bible

8. movement into present and future

The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of knowledge:

epistemology

Identify the Christian thinker who founded Neo-Orthodoxy

Karl Barth

Identify the theologian who posited the theory of correlation

Paul Tillich

In the textbook, faith in Jesus is described as:

List the analogies for God in the McGrath text:

List the typical elements in Christian worship:

The Protestant Reformation tended to downgrade preaching in favor of the sacraments:

Anselm believed that reason was detrimental to understanding our faith:

true

The argument from motion suggests that infinite regression is possible and that there is no prime mover:

false

List the classical views of God’s characteristics:

1. omnipotent - God is all powerful

2. Omniscience - God is unbounded

3. omni-present - God is all knowing

4. Perfect - God is statically perfect

This theological position holds that God’s knowledge of the future is conditional because the future is conditional

open theism

The Christian proclamation of God as father is meant to imply that God is completely masculine:

false

How is the Christian doctrine of the Trinity usually defined:

God is one substance, but three persons

The Nicene-Constantinoplian Creed declares:

1. God is one substance

2. God is three persons

Pneumatology is defined as the study of:

the Holy Spirit

The full divinity of Christ is often seen as necessary for the offer of forgiveness:

true

Christianity holds that Christ is completely and totally connected to humanity:

true

List the major theories of the atonement:

1. Christus Victor

2. Ransome

3. Satisfaction

List the pieces of the Eastern Orthodox perspective on salvation:

1. God invites all, but compels none

2. no merit involved

3. the goal is complete restoration

List the pieces of the Roman Catholic perspective on salvation:

1. Salvation comes from God alone

2. the Holy Spirit provides grace

3. Justification

List the elements of the Protestant perspective on salvation:

1. Forensic - guilty of crime; Christ takes punishment

2. Financial - indebted to God; Christ pays debt

3. Cultic - Christ sacrifices on our behalf

4. God is

   1. just - there is a penalty

   2. loving - he pays the penalty

A focus on prevenient grace is typical of which group:

Wesleyan

List the elements connected to imago Dei:

1. Unique place of humanity in this world

2. innate worth of a human

3. relationship with God

The imago Dei suggests that only certain groups of people are worthy of honor and respect:

false

The imago Dei suggests that every person has worth and value:

true

Identify the responses of the early Christians to sin:

Ecclesiology is the traditional designation for the study of:

the church

List the four marks of the church:

one, holy, catholic (universal), apostolic

Luther’s understanding of the Eucharist is known as:

Consubstantination

McGrath describes Augustine’s view of the relation between faith and culture as

Critical Appropriation

All Protestant denominations allow for the ordination of women

false

List the functions of the church:

worship, discipleship, evangelism, ministry

The ‘diaphora’ refers to:

the essentials of faith

List the theological elements generally considered part of the diaphora

divinity and humanity in Christ, existence of God, salvation by grace through faith, trinity, resurrection of Christ, virgin birth, second coming

The ‘adiaphora’ refers to:

negotiable, what Christians disagree on

List Avery Dulles’ Models of the church:

institutional, mystical communion, sacramental, herald, servent

List the elements that are generally considered as difficulties for Protestants with Roman Catholicism:

icons, cooperative theory, role of the pope, role of mary

A typical definition of the sacraments is: an outward sign of an inward grace:

true

Distinguish the repeatable sacraments from the non-repeatable sacraments

repeatable: repentance, eucharist, anointing of sick, marriage

non-repeatable: baptism, holy orders, confirmation

The Protestant view of ordination is that it is permanent:

false

The consubstantiation view of the Eucharist is typically associated with:

Luther

Doctrine impacted the formation of the New Testament canon

true

Overall, Christians agree on the canon of the New Testament

true

Overall, Christians agree on the canon of the Old Testament

false

Deutero-canonical refers to:

Books present in Greek translation of the Old testament (Septuagint) which are not present in the Hebrew text (Masoretic)

Distinguish the approaches of total infallibility, moderate infallibility, inspiration, and lesser inspiration.

Total Infallibility: every word is placed there by God, exactness is maintained in translation, no errors period, authors are inconsequential

Moderate Infallibility: infallible in the original manuscript, but translation errors can occur

Inspiration: infallible on matters of salvation, God inspired the original authors they could make mistakes on issues not related to salvation)

Lesser inspiration: Bible has good things to teach, only Jesus’ words have real authority