American Imperialism

Two popular ideologies that contributed to imperialism

nationalism and cultural superiority

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Manila Bay

This Battle took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish-American War. Immediately followed the sinking of the USS Maine off the coast of Cuba. Commodore George Dewey led naval forces in wiping out the Spanish fleet here in 7 hours.

George Dewey

Commander of the U.S. fleet who ultimately defeated the Spanish in Manilla Bay

guerrila warfare

A new style of hit-and-run fighting tactics, seen during the Philippine-American War

Philippines

Spanish colony in the Pacific whom the US helped free from the Spanish, but soon after took as their own colony. A stepping stone to China. Should we annex it or not?

Buffalo Soldiers

Nickname for African-American soldiers who fought in the wars against Native Americans living on the Great Plains during the 1870s and later in the Spanish-American War. Nicknamed because their hair reminded people of the buffalo coats. Commanded by white officers.

Teller Amendment

Promised that once we freed Cuba from Spanish rule, we would allow them to remain independent

Platt Amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble. And to build a naval base there!

General Valeriano Weyler

The Butcher: began concentration camps against Cuban rebels

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Yellow journalism

Stories based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

reconcentration camps

the spanish refugee camps into which cuban farmers were herded to prevent them from providing assistance to rebels fighting for Cuban independence from Spain.

nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

William Seward

Secretary of State who purchased Alaska for 3 cents an acre!

protectorate

in sphere of influence; like an alliance, but an uneven relationship

Puerto Rico

US territory. US citizens and can vote in presidential primary but not general election, unless they live on mainland. Elect own governor of Puerto Rico

Open Door Policy

a movement to create equal trade access in China. Give America it's fair share!

John Hay

Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal. Believed the fight against Spain would be a "splended little war."

Spheres of Influence

Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

Christian Missionaries

People who traveled into other countries and attempted to spread their faith - 200,000 sent to China during this time.

Pro-Imperialist

Supported American imperialism because it offered new economic opportunities, nationalism, and subjugated "lesser" peoples.

Anti-imperialist

objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War. The spark that led to war...

Teddy Roosevelt

Progressive president that believed in Imperialism. During the Spanish-American War, he was the assistant secretary to the Navy, and rounded up a bunch of cowboys and friends to fight in America's first volunteer calvary unit in Cuba.

Rough Riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

Guantanamo Bay

Naval Base acquired by the US at the end of the Spanish American War in Cuba

Cuban revolt

A Nationalist-initiated conflict broke out in Cuba in 1895, the Spanish, remembering the lengthy Ten Years' War, sent 200,000 troops to Cuba. The Cuban insurrectos responded by wrecking Spanish property in hopes that the Spanish would leave, or at least hoping for US intervention (since the US had significant economic investment in Cuba). The insurrectos directed their destructive rampage at both sugar mills and sugar fields.

William McKinley

President. that took office in 1897 and approved the annexation of Hawaii. He was from Ohio, and was NOT a jingo! Won the election of 1900, but was assassinated 6 months later by an anarchist in Buffalo, NY.

jingoism

An extreme sense of pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy. Often pro-war citizens.

Annexation

To join or attach, as in the joining of a new territory to an existing country

Alfred T. Mahan

Wrote the book, The Influence of Seapower," which encouraged imperialism- one of the most influential public policy books ever written.

Panama Canal

TR's project idea to reduce travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Realized after S

Lilioukalani

Last Hawaiian queen who was overthrown by American planters in 1893.

Sugar cane

a plant from which sugar is made - a cash crop in Hawaii and Cuba and a major reason business owners want to involve themselves in these nations!

Social Darwinism

Caused many citizens in industrialized nations to believe they were superior to people who lived in less-developed countries. A justification to imperialization.

Imperialism

When one country dominates another country through the use of the military, economy, culture, politics, religion, etc.

Motivated the United States to claim territories abroad

New Markets and military advantages

How did Americans view the Cuban revolt against Spain?

Americans sympathized with Cuban rebels

Raw materials

One of the reasons nations such as France, Great Britain, Germany, looked to imperialize underdeveloped nations around the globe

Hawaii

American expansionists were interested in this underdeveloped land as a great location for a coaling station and naval base

alaska

USA bought this territory from Russia, and although it was first considered a mistake, it turned out to be a massive source of natural resources

Causes of Spanish-American War

Yellow journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, explosion of the USS Maine, De Lome Letter.

Reason America wanted to expand

expansion of American industry made acquiring
new markets and additional resources desirable

colonize

invade but not part of invader's country. No freedoms