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Clinical Psychology
Focuses on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders using techniques like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoanalysis.
Developmental Psychology
Studies psychological changes across the lifespan, including cognitive, social, and emotional development from infancy to old age.
Cognitive Psychology
Explores mental processes such as perception, memory, thought, and problem-solving.
Personality Psychology
Investigates the structure, development, and variation of personality traits.
Social Psychology
Examines how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.
Counseling Psychology
Aims to improve well-being by helping individuals make healthier choices through various therapeutic approaches.
School Psychology
Applies psychological principles to address academic and social issues in educational settings.
Behaviorism
Focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.
Evolutionary Psychology
Examines human behavior through the lens of evolution, proposing that traits have been shaped by natural selection.
Biological Psychology
Investigates the connections between biological factors and behavior.
Independent Variables
Factors manipulated in an experiments to study their effects on dependent variables.
Dependent Variables
Outcomes measured to assess changes resulting from variations in independent variables.
Circadian Rhythm
A natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle over a 24-hour period.
Classical Conditioning
Learning through association, where a neutral stimulus elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Operant Conditioning
Learning that employs rewards and punishments to shape behavior.
Declarative Memory
Involves facts and events that require conscious recall.
Nondeclarative Memory
Includes skills and conditioned responses that are performed automatically.
Nativist Theories
Propose that language acquisition is an inherent capability.
Big Five Traits
A model for understanding personality differences, including neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Attributions and Stereotypes
Differentiation between internal and external attributions affecting perception of events and behaviors.
OCD and GAD Symptoms
OCD is characterized by persistent thoughts and repetitive behaviors; GAD involves excessive worry about everyday issues.
Client-centered Therapy
A non-directive approach emphasizing empathy and personal growth.
Eclectic Therapy
Combines multiple therapeutic approaches tailored to individual clients' needs.
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