Quiz 4 Community Health

What is a genogram?

• Relationships

• Family structure

• Health history patterns

• Genetic risks
  Used by nurses to assess family health risks.

What is an ecomap?

• A family

• Community resources

• Social systems
  Helps identify support systems and stressors.

What are the four approaches to family nursing?

1. Family as context – focus on individual first

2. Family as client – family treated as whole client

3. Family as system – family members influence each other

4. Family as component of society – family within community structure

What are characteristics of a healthy family?

• Communication

• Time together

• Commitment to family

• Adaptability

• Encouragement of individuals

• Appreciation

• Clear roles

• Social connectedness

• Spiritual orientation

Key considerations before a family home visit

• Who referred the family

• Purpose of visit

• Who should be present

• Previous assessments

• Needed services

• Safety precautions

• Needed equipment/teaching materials

Why are home visits important in family nursing?

They allow:

• Family participation

• Direct assessment of environment

• Identification of risks

• Development of family-centered interventions.

Major risk factors for newborns/infants

• Unplanned pregnancy

• Little/no prenatal care

• Low socioeconomic status

• Parental drug or alcohol use

• Maternal medical or mental illness

Leading causes of injury/death in children

• Unintentional injuries

• Motor vehicle accidents

• Drowning

• Suffocation

• Firearms

Major injury risks for toddlers and preschoolers

• Drowning

• Motor vehicle accidents

• Fires

• Firearms

Key injury prevention strategies for children

• Car safety seats

• Smoke alarms

• Helmets for biking/skateboarding

• Cabinet safety latches

• Immunizations

• Handwashing

• Reduce environmental hazards (lead, pollution)

What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD Characteristics

• Inattention

• Hyperactivity

• Impulsivity

What is ADHD managed with?

• Behavioral therapy

• Counseling

• Educational support

Common mental health disorders in children

• Behavioral disorders

• Anxiety

• Depression

About 1 in 6 children ages 2–8 have a mental or developmental disorder.

Major Healthy People 2030 goals for children

• Reduce deaths ages 1–19

• Increase developmental screenings

• Increase trauma treatment access

• Reduce school violence

• Improve resilience in youth

What is a health disparity?

Differences in healthcare access, quality, and outcomes between population groups caused by:

• Social factors

• Economic barriers

• Environmental disadvantages

Major health concerns for adults

• Heart disease

• Diabetes

• Cancer

• Stroke

• STIs

• Mental health disorders

• Obesity

What is the Sandwich Generation?

Adults who care for: Their children AND their aging parents simultaneously.

What are chronic disease prevention strategies?

• Education on disease and complications

• Encourage medication adherence

• Smoking cessation

• Routine screenings

• Mental health support

• Community resources

Health disparities affecting the LGBIQIA community

• Discrimination and stigma

• Limited access to culturally competent healthcare

• Higher health risks and barriers to care

Age groups of older adults

• Young-old: 65–75

• Old-old: 75–85

• Oldest-old: 85–100

• Centenarians: 100+

Common mental health conditions in older adults

• Depression

• Dementia (including Alzheimer’s)

• Anxiety

• Parkinson’s disease

• Bipolar disorder

What are elder orphans?

Older adults who live without family support or caregivers.

Levels of prevention for older adults

Primary: health promotion, screenings, nutrition, exercise
Secondary: early detection and education
Tertiary: rehabilitation and management of chronic illness

What are advance directives?

Legal documents that state a person’s wishes about medical treatment if they cannot communicate.

Palliative Care

• Symptom relief

• For any serious illness

• Can occur with curative treatment

Hospice Care

• End-of-life care

• Life expectancy ≤ 6 months

• Focus on comfort only

Examples of caregiver responsibilities

• Bathing and dressing

• Meal preparation

• Transportation

• Medication management

• Medical appointments

• Financial/legal assistance

What is caregiver stress?

Emotional and physical strain caused by caring for another person, often due to:

• Time demands

• Financial strain

• Emotional burden.