Chapter 9 Notes – Articulations

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to articulations (joints) as presented in Chapter 9 of the lecture notes.

Articulations

Places of contact between bones, bone and cartilage, or bones and teeth.

Functions of Joints

1. Facilitate movement 2. Provide stability 3. Distribute loads 4. Limit movement 5. Position sense and motion 6. Lubrication and protection.

Fibrous Joints

Joints held together by fibrous connective tissue with no joint cavity.

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints held together by cartilage with no joint cavity.

Synovial Joints

Joints with a fluid-filled cavity allowing for extensive movement.

Synarthroses

Immovable joints classified under functional classification.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints classified under functional classification.

Diarthroses

Freely movable joints that include all synovial joints.

Sutures

Immobilized fibrous joints found between skull bones.

Syndesmoses

Fibrous joints allowing slight movement, e.g. interosseus membrane.

Gomphoses

Articulations that join teeth to their sockets via the periodontal ligament.

Synchondroses

Cartilaginous joints that are immobile, usually temporary.

Symphyses

Cartilaginous joints that are slightly movable, e.g. pubic symphysis.

Articular Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint.

Synovial Fluid

Fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage.

Articular Capsule

Capsule surrounding a synovial joint, containing outer and inner layers.

Meniscus

Cushioning structure within some synovial joints providing stability.

Bursa

Small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues.

Tendon Sheath

An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon, reducing friction.

Joint Stabilization

Factors affecting stability include shape, size, and number of ligaments.

Gliding Movement

Displacement of bones in relation to one another.

Angular Movement

Change in the angle between two bones, includes flexion and extension.

Circumduction

Movement describing a cone shape in space, a non-paired motion.

Supination

Turning the palm of the hand to face upwards.

Pronation

Turning the palm of the hand to face downwards.

Dorsiflexion

Upward movement of the foot or toes.

Plantar Flexion

Downward movement of the foot or toes.

Protraction

Moving a body part forward.

Retraction

Returning a protracted body part back to its original position.

Elevation

Lifting a body part superiorly.

Depression

Moving an elevated body part downward.

Plane Joints

Joints with flat articulating surfaces allowing gliding movements.

Hinge Joints

Joints that move in a single axis, like a door hinge.

Pivot Joints

Joints where one bone rotates around another, e.g. radius and ulna.

Condyloid Joints

Oval surface of one bone fits into a depression of another.

Saddle Joints

Joints with both concave and convex areas, e.g. thumb joint.

Ball and Socket Joints

Joints where a spherical bone end fits into a cuplike socket.