state board exam

Disinfectants

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in each state registers many different types of

Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic

There are thousands of different kinds of bacteria, but they are classified into the following two primary types:

do not cause disease

Nonpathogenic bacteria may perform useful functions and

Parasites

Pathogenic bacteria that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism are know as

Germ

A nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms is known as

Bacteria

One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are

Staphylococci

The bacteria responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome are

Viruses

Submicroscopic particles that infect cells of a biological organism are known as

Staphylococci

Pus forming bacteria that grow in clusters or bunches

harmless

Nonpathogenic bacteria are

an infection

An infectious agent smaller than bacteria and capable of replication through taking over the host cell's reproduction machinery is known as

disease

Pathogenic bacteria may produce

An abscess

An example of a local infection is

immunity

The ability of the body to destroy or resist infections is known as

acquired immunity

The condition that is developed after the body has overcome a disease or has been inoculated for the disease is known as

Scabies

A contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite

The HIV

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by

Sharing needles by intravenous drug uses

The HIV is spread mainly through

Disinfection

is the chemical process that uses specific products to destroy organisms on nonporous surfaces

Sterilization

Completely destroying all microbial life including bacterial spores is called

Streptococci

Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines that resemble a string of beads are

Decontamination

The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.

Disinfection

Proper _________________ will completely eliminate any contamination risks

Disinfectants

____________ not for use on human hair, skin, or nails

efficacy

The effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills specific organisms when used according to label instructions is known as

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA stands for

publish MSDS

The OSHA Act of 1970 established the hazard communication act which requires that chemical manufacturers ______________ and importers assess the hazards associated with their products

hospital

______________ Disinfectants are effective in cleaning blood and body fluids from nonporous surfaces in the salon, thus controlling the spread of disease

inactivated

All disinfectants are __________ in the presence of oils, lotions, creams, and dust

Quaternary ammonium compounds

quats is a short term for the salon disinfectant known as

damage

Phenols may ___ certain rubber and plastic materials.

Household bleach

Sodium hypochlorite is also known as

Protoplasm

Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called _______in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

The principal parts of the cell are the

Nucleus

The center of the cell contains the ______, which plays an important role in cell reproduction.

Cytoplasm

The protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus is the

Mitosis

The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as

Food, oxygen, and water

Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as they are favored with the suitable temperature, the elimination of waste products, and an adequate supply of

Metabolism

The chemical process whereby body cells are nourished to carry on their many activities is called

Anabolism

The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones, during which the body stores water, food, and oxygen for the time when they are needed for cell growth, reproduction, and repair, is called

Catabolism

The process of breaking down larger substances or molecules into smaller ones

Connective

Tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body

Tissues

A collection of similar cells that performs a specialized function is called

Catabolism

During ____________, energy is released so that it may be used or stored for later use

Epithelial

The protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, linings of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands, is _____________ tissue.

Nerve

Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls the coordinates all body functions is known as

connective tissue

that which supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body is known as

Organs

Structures of the body that are designed to accomplish a specific function are

Systems

Groups of organs that act together to perform one or more functions

Skin

Another name for the integumentary system

Bones

Another name for the skeletal system is

blood supply

another name for the circulatory system

Digestive

stomach and intestines are called

Humerus

The uppermost and largest bone of the arm

Histology

The study of tiny structures found in tissue

Origin, insertion, belly

The three parts of a muscle

striated

Another name for voluntary muscles that can be controlled consciously is

massage

Muscular tissue can be stimulated by

Biceps

The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are the

Supinator

The muscles of the forearm that rotates the forearm outward and the palm upward is the

Extensor

The muscle that straightens the wrist, hand, and the fingers to form a straight line is called the

Abductors

Muscles that separate the fingers

Flexors

The muscles that involve the bending of the wrist are the

pectoralis major

The muscles that assist in the swinging of the arms are called

26

The foot is made up of ___ bones.

Soleus

Muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down.

Femur

A heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee

Tibia

The larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee is known as

Patella

The formal name for the accessory bone that forms the kneecap is the

Peroneus brevis

The ______________ originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out

dorsal cutaneous nerve

The nerve that extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles of the leg, skin, and toes is called

Sural

The nerve that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg is the

Dorsal

The nerve that supplies impulses to the skin on the top of the foot

Popliteal

The ________________ artery divides into two separate arteries known as the anterior tibial and the posterior tibial.

abductor digiti minimi

Muscle that separates the toes

Thumbs gland, spleen, and lymph vessels

The lymphatic, or immune system, is made up of lymph, lymph nodes, and

Pineal

the gland that plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism

Pituitary

The gland that affects almost every physiology process of the body

Adrenal

The gland that secretes about 39 steroid hormones and controls metabolic processes is the

Parathyroid

The gland that regulates blood calcium and phosphorus level

Reproductive

The system that is responsible for perpetuating the human race

Inhalation

Breathing in through the nose or mouth.

Dermatology

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment

Eyelids

The skin varies in thickness and is found to be thinnest on:

Palms and Soles

The skin is the thickest on the

Epidermis

outermost layer of skin

stratum corneum

The horny layer of the skin that contains scale-like cells that are continually shed is called the

stratum lucidum

The clear, transparent layer of the epidermis that consists of small, transparent cells through which light can pass is called the

stratum germinativum

The layer that is composed of several layers of different shaped cells and is the deepest layer of the epidermis

Dermis

Underlying or inner layer of the skin. Also called the corium or cutis

papillary and reticular

The dermis is made up of two layers which are the

subcutaneous

The fatty layer found beneath the dermis

Motor nerve fibers

nerve fibers that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles.

Sensory nerve fibers

Nerve fibers that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain

Secretary nerve fibers

Nerve fibers that are distributed to the sweat and oil glands of the skin, regulate the excretion of perspiration, and control the flow of sebum to the skin surface

Fingertips

Nerve endings are most abundant in the:

Elasticity

As we age, elastin fibers naturally weaken, causing a loss of

Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands

The skin contains two types of duct glands that extract materials from the blood to form new substances. They are:

Tube-like

Sweat glands consist of a coiled base and a ____ duct that terminates at the skin surface to form the sweat pore.

Excretion and secretion

The principal functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, and