World History Study Guide 12/18
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When did the Golden Age of Rome last until?
It lasted until 180 AD.
What was the condition of the Roman Empire during the Golden Age?
The empire was stable.
How did Rome connect its empire?
Rome built roads that connected the empire.
What happened to art and literature during the Golden Age?
Art and literature flourished.
Why did Israel rebel against Rome?
Israel rebelled because Romans looked down on Jewish people, imposed high taxes, and worshipped many gods while Jews worshipped one God.
How did Romans view the Jewish people?
Romans looked down on them.
Why did Jewish people dislike Roman religion?
Romans worshipped many gods, which conflicted with Jewish beliefs.
What economic pressure did Rome place on Israel?
Rome imposed high taxes.
How successful were the Jewish rebels at first?
They were successful at first.
What eventually happened to Jerusalem?
Rome surrounded Jerusalem.
What happened to the Jewish Temple?
The Jewish Temple was destroyed.
What happened to most Jewish people after the war?
Most Jews were forced out of Israel.
Who was Titus?
He was the Roman general who captured Jerusalem.
What happened to Titus later?
He became emperor.
Why was the Arch of Titus built?
It was built to honor Titus's victory.
What is shown on the Arch of Titus?
Romans carrying a menorah.
What was Pompeii?
A Roman resort city.
Where was Pompeii located?
Near Naples.
What is Mount Vesuvius?
A volcano near Pompeii.
When did Vesuvius erupt?
In 79 AD.
What happened to Pompeii during the eruption?
It was buried in ash.
When was Pompeii rediscovered?
In the 1700s.
What disease weakened the Roman Empire in the 160s?
A plague.
How did Rome change its coins?
They used less silver.
What economic problem did the Romans using less silver in the coin cause?
Inflation.
What movement of people pressured the empire?
Tribes migrated toward Roman borders.
Who built Hadrian's Wall?
Emperor Hadrian.
Where was Hadrian's Wall built?
Near the border of England and Scotland.
What was the purpose of Hadrian's Wall?
To keep Scottish tribes from raiding Roman towns.
Who was Marcus Aurelius?
A philosopher emperor.
What did Marcus Aurelius defend the empire against?
German invasions.
What happened after Marcus Aurelius's death?
The empire began to decline.
How was Marcus Aurelius's son as emperor?
He was a bad emperor.
Who was Commodus?
The son of Marcus Aurelius.
What did Commodus believe about himself?
He thought he was a great gladiator.
What kind of ruler was Commodus?
He was paranoid.
How did Commodus die?
His personal trainer killed him.
What had the Praetorians become?
Corrupt.
What did the Praetorians do after Commodus was killed?
They auctioned off the position of emperor.
What determined who became emperor after Commodus?
The highest bid.
What did this lead to?
Civil war.
Who were the Goths?
A group of German tribes.
Where did the Goths migrate?
Toward the Black Sea.
How did the migration of the Goths affect Rome?
It put pressure on the empire.
Who were the Vandals?
A tribe from Poland.
What did the Vandals do to Roman cities?
They attacked and destroyed them.
What does the word 'vandal' mean today?
Someone who destroys property.
What military advantage did the Vandals have?
Heavy cavalry.
Why did early Christians meet in secret?
They were persecuted.
What symbol did Christians use?
A fish.
What happened to Christians under certain emperors?
They were killed.
What were Christians forced to do?
Sacrifice to Roman gods.
Who was Constantine's father?
The governor of Britain.
Who was Constantine's mother?
Saint Helena.
What did Constantine do after his father died?
Declared himself emperor.
Where did Constantine organize his army?
York.
Who was Constantine's main rival?
Maxentius.
How did Maxentius treat Christians?
He persecuted them.
What city did Maxentius control?
Rome.
What was the Milvian Bridge?
A bridge outside Rome.
What vision did Constantine see?
A cross in the sky.
What symbol did Constantine place on his soldiers' shields?
The Chi-Rho (PX).
Why did Maxentius lose the battle?
His army panicked, and he drowned in the river.
What was the Edict of Milan?
A law giving freedom of worship.
What did the Edict of Milan restore to Christians?
Their property.
What did the Edict of Milan allow the Church to do?
Own property.
What was Constantinople?
A city built by Constantine.
Why was Constantinople's location important?
It was between Europe and Asia.
How was Constantinople protected?
Large walls.
What happened to Rome's importance after Constantinople was built?
Constantinople became more important.
What happened at Nicaea?
A meeting of church leaders.
Who called the meeting at Nicaea?
Constantine.
What was created at the Nicaea meeting?
The Nicene Creed.
What date was set at Nicaea?
Easter.
When did the Roman Empire split?
In the late 300s.
What was the capital of the Western Empire?
Rome.
What was the capital of the Eastern Empire?
Constantinople.
Which half of the Roman Empire became more powerful?
The Eastern Empire.
Who was Alaric?
King of the Goths.
What did Alaric do in 410 AD?
Took Rome.
Why was Alaric's capture of Rome important?
It was the first time in 800 years Rome was captured.
Who were the Huns?
A tribe from Central Asia.
What skill made the Huns dangerous?
Horseback archery.
Who led the Huns?
Attila.
Where did Attila move his army?
France.
What was the Battle of Chalons?
A battle between Romans and Huns.
Who helped the Romans in the Battle of Chalons?
The Goths.
What was the result of the Battle of Chalons?
A draw.
What happened to the Huns after the Battle of Chalons?
They began to decline.
What is malaria?
A disease carried by mosquitoes.
Where did malaria originate?
Africa.
How did malaria spread to Europe?
Through merchants' ships.
Who were the Franks?
A tribe from western Germany.
What land did the Franks conquer?
Gaul.
What modern country is named after the Franks?
France.
When did the Middle Ages occur?
500-1500.
What were the Dark Ages?
500-1000.
What was lacking during the Dark Ages?
Learning.
What skill was forgotten during the Dark Ages?
Bringing fresh water into cities.
What was jousting?
The most popular medieval sport.
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