ANML SC 501 Midterm #2- Dairy industry

What is the purpose of dairy industry?

Production of milk in excess of needs of young for human consumption and protein

What did Egypt produce

they were the first to produce milk, cheese, and butter

What is the Land Grant Act?

Established a college of agriculture in every state

What is the Hatch Act?

Allowed experimental stations for dairy cattle research

What is the Babcock Test?

Tested milk fat content and tuberculosis

What is the process of using heat to kill harmful microorganisms in dairy products

Pasteurization

What is homogenization?

Breaking up fats into smaller particles for uniformity

What are the top states in dairy cattle numbers?

California, Wisconsin, Idaho, Texas, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota

California Dairy Statistics

21,000 families with 1.8 million cows
An average of 1,780 cows per dairy
1 out of every 5 lbs. of cheese comes from CA.
California has the highest number of dairies

What are some solutions to the environmental concerns caused by the dairy industry?

Use of solar energy and methane digesters to address concerns

What are the sources of Income in the dairy industry?

Milk, calves, and cull cows in the dairy industry

What are some expenses in the dairy industry?

Feed, herd replacement, labor, utilities, chemicals, taxes, and veterinary expenses

What are newborn calves fed? What does it contain?

Colostrum
Contains IgG (Immunogabbaglobulin- antibodies)
It is the milk made by the mother within the first 24 hours of calving.

What is used on a calf's navel? what does it do?

after birth, dipped in sanitizing liquid (iodine dip) to prevent infection

Breeding Weights for each cattle breed

Holstein & Brown Swiss: 750lbs
Ayrshire: 600lbs
Guernsey: 550lbs
Jersey: 500lbs

What is a springer cow?

First-time mom due to calve in 2 months or less

What is a Dry Cow?

Cows due to calve in 2 months or less that have had calves before.

What is given to springers and dry cows to maintain a good body conditioning score?

Good pasture and hay. They are also challenge-fed 2-3 weeks before calving

What are the benefits of Artificial Insemination (AI)?

increased milk production and income, diversity, and disease prevention

What is the Gestation Period for a dairy cow?

About 282 days or 9 ¾ months for dairy cows

What does Prolactin (LTH) do?

Hormone that initiates and maintains milk secretion in alveoli

What does oxytocin do?

Contracts alveoli and small ducts into larger ducts to allow milk to letdown because of external stimuli like suckling and washing.

What does epinephrine do?

Inhibits oxytocin release in cows

Milking Procedure Steps

regular time, same milker, prime, massage, dry, strip cup, predip, attach & adjust, remove cup, post dip, and feed

What are the most common pathogens for Mastitis

Strep, Staph, and E. coli

What is Ketosis? How do you treat it? What does their breath smell like?

A metabolic disorder that happens when pulling fats releases ketones and decreases appetite. There's a decrease in energy and their breath smells like acetone. It's treated by proper feeding management, including balancing rations and monitoring energy intake or with an oral drench of propylene glycol which provides energy and glucose

What is Milk Fever?

Calcium deficiency post-calving leading to paralysis

What is Hardware Disease? How is it treated?

It's when things like nails and wires end up and puncture the reticulum. It's treated by putting a magnet in the reticulum so it can collect the wastes.

What is White Muscle Disease?

selenium or vitamin E deficiency that causes degeneration and necrosis of muscles (paralysis)

How do you treat Bloat?

You can give cow surfactant to dissolve froth, OR a trocar cannula can be pushed through the side of the cow into the rumen to release the air, OR a tube can be fed through the esophagus into the rumen to release air.

Reasons to Cull a Cow

Include low production and reproduction, health issues, injury, and death

In cattle judging, which part of the cow has the highest percentage in determining the score?

Udder contributes 40% to the score
This includes udder depth relative to hock with clearance and capacity, teats square and plumb, rear udder attached high and wide and slightly rounded, udder cleft (division of mammary glands).

what is BST and why is it used in the dairy industry?

Bovine Somatotropin is a protein hormone given to cows to make 20-30% more milk (with 5% more feed)