Gibbs Free Energy, Nucleobases, Amino Acids

Draw Glycine

Gly, G

• nonpolar

Draw Alanine

Ala, A

• nonpolar

Draw Valine

Val, V

• nonpolar

Draw Leucine

Leu, L

• nonpolar

Draw Isoleucine

Ile, I

• nonpolar

Draw Methionine

Met, M

• nonpolar

Draw Phenylalanine

Phe, F

• nonpolar

• aromatic

Draw Tryptophan

Trp, W

• nonpolar

• aromatic

Draw Tyrosine

Tyr, Y

• nonpolar

• aromatic

• —OH can be phosphorylated

Draw Proline

Pro, P

• nonpolar

• bad for alpha helix (helix breaker) 

• good for “tight turns” 

Draw Serine

Ser, S

• polar- uncharged

• hydrogen bonding

• —OH can be phosphorylated

Draw Threonine

Thr, T

• polar- uncharged

• hydrogen bonding

• —OH can be phosphorylated

Draw Asparagine

Asn, N

• polar- uncharged

• hydrogen bonding

Draw Glutamine

Gln, Q

• polar- uncharged

• hydrogen bonding

Draw Cysteine

Cys, C

• polar- uncharged

• disulfide bond

• R configuration

Draw Aspartic acid

Asp, D

• polar- charged

• acidic (-) 

Draw Glutamic acid

Glu, E

• polar- charged

• acidic (-) 

Draw Histidine

His, H

• polar- charged

• basic (+)

Draw Lysine

Lys, K

• polar- charged

• basic (+)

Draw Arginine

Arg, R

• polar- charged

• basic (+) 

Disulfide Bond

can link polypeptide chains

Draw Adenine

purine

Draw Guanine

purine

Draw Cytosine

pyrimidine

Draw Uracil

pyrimidine

Draw Thymine

pyrimidine

nucleoside

base + pentose

ribose or 2’-deoxyribose

Draw Adenosine

Draw Guanosine

Draw Cytidine

Draw Uridine

Draw Deoxyadenosine

Draw Deoxyguanosine

Draw Deoxycytidine

Draw Deoxythymidine

Draw Nucleotides

Nucleotides are linked by ___ bonds

3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds

3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide's sugar and the 5' phosphate group of the next nucleotide's phosphate

Gibb's Free Energy equation

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Gibbs Free Energy concentration equation

for nA + oB —> pC + qD

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln ([C]^p[D]^q/[A]ⁿ[B]^o)

Gibbs Free Energy at equilibrium

ΔG=0

K_eq= [C]_eq^p[D]_eq^q/[A]_eqⁿ[B]_eq^o

ΔG° = -RT ln K_eq

K_eq=e^-ΔG°/RT