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energy
the ability to do work or cause change
Joule
a metric unit of energy or work.
kinetic energy (KE)
active or working energy
potential energy (PE)
stored or available energy
thermal KE
the total energy of motion of all the particles in a substance
temperature
a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.
absolute zero
the theoretical temperature at which a substance possesses no kinetic energy
radiant KE
transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
motion KE
energy of objects changing position over time
electrical KE
energy in the flow of electric charge (electrons)
sound KE
energy of pressure waves moving through matter
chemical PE
energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms
nuclear PE
energy stored in the bonds within an atom's nucleus
elastic PE
energy stored in stretched or compressed objects
electrostatic field PE
energy stored in the distance and polarity between electrostatic fields
magnetic field PE
energy stored in the distance and polarity between magnetic fields
gravitational field PE
energy stored in the distance and mass difference between gravitational fields
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change from one form to another
energy transformation
a change from one form of energy to another
E = mc²
Einstein's equation for converting between mass and energy: Energy = mass x speed of light²