Anatomy & Physiology – BSN First Year Pre-Test (Multiple Choice – 110 Questions)

Flashcards created from Page 1-4 anatomy and physiology notes.

1. What is the largest organ in the human body? A. Heart B. Liver C. Skin D. Lungs

Skin

2. What is the smallest bone in the human body? A. Stapes B. Incus C. Malleus D. Hyoid

Stapes

3. What is the smallest organ in the human body? A. Pineal gland B. Pituitary gland C. Thyroid gland D. Adrenal gland

Pineal gland

4. What is the longest bone in the human body? A. Femur B. Tibia C. Humerus D. Radius

Femur

5. Which organ is known as the 'filter' of the body? A. Heart B. Lungs C. Kidneys D. Liver

Kidneys

6. Which organ is responsible for producing bile? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Gallbladder D. Small intestine

Liver

7. Which organ stores bile? A. Liver B. Gallbladder C. Pancreas D. Spleen

Gallbladder

8. What is the hardest substance in the human body? A. Bone B. Enamel C. Cartilage D. Dentin

Enamel

9. Which is the heaviest internal organ? A. Brain B. Liver C. Lungs D. Heart

Liver

10. Which organ can regenerate itself after partial removal? A. Heart B. Liver C. Kidney D. Lung

Liver

11. Which part of the cell contains genetic material? A. Cytoplasm B. Nucleus C. Ribosome D. Mitochondria

Nucleus

12. What is the 'powerhouse' of the cell? A. Golgi apparatus B. Nucleus C. Mitochondria D. Ribosome

Mitochondria

13. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces? A. Nervous B. Muscle C. Epithelial D. Connective

Epithelial

14. Which type of muscle is involuntary and striated? A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Cardiac D. None

Cardiac

15. Which type of connective tissue stores fat? A. Cartilage B. Adipose C. Bone D. Areolar

Adipose

16. Which structure packages and ships proteins in the cell? A. Lysosome B. Mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. Nucleus

Golgi apparatus

17. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs? A. Cardiac B. Smooth C. Skeletal D. Striated

Smooth

18. Which type of cell transmits nerve impulses? A. Muscle B. Neuron C. Epithelial D. Fibroblast

Neuron

19. Which tissue connects muscles to bones? A. Ligament B. Tendon C. Cartilage D. Fascia

Tendon

20. Which tissue connects bones to bones? A. Ligament B. Tendon C. Cartilage D. Fascia

Ligament

21. How many bones are in the adult human body? A. 206 B. 205 C. 208 D. 210

206

22. What is the common name for the clavicle? A. Collarbone B. Shoulder blade C. Breastbone D. Tailbone

Collarbone

23. What is the bone that forms the forehead? A. Parietal B. Frontal C. Temporal D. Occipital

Frontal

24. Which bone protects the brain? A. Vertebrae B. Skull C. Sternum D. Ribs

Skull

25. Which is the largest bone of the foot? A. Talus B. Calcaneus C. Metatarsal D. Navicular

Calcaneus

26. Which bone is commonly called the kneecap? A. Patella B. Femur C. Fibula D. Tibia

Patella

27. Which bones make up the spine? A. Carpals B. Vertebrae C. Tarsals D. Metacarpals

Vertebrae

28. Which type of joint is found in the shoulder? A. Hinge B. Pivot C. Ball-and-socket D. Saddle

Ball-and-socket

29. Which type of joint is found in the elbow? A. Hinge B. Ball-and-socket C. Pivot D. Gliding

Hinge

30. Which bone is located in the upper arm? A. Femur B. Humerus C. Radius D. Ulna

Humerus

31. Which muscle is known as the 'heart muscle'? A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Cardiac D. Voluntary

Cardiac

32. Which muscle is responsible for breathing? A. Intercostal B. Diaphragm C. Pectoral D. Latissimus dorsi

Diaphragm

33. What is the strongest muscle based on weight? A. Gluteus maximus B. Masseter C. Quadriceps D. Heart

Masseter

34. Which muscle is the largest in the body? A. Biceps B. Gluteus maximus C. Quadriceps D. Deltoid

Gluteus maximus

35. Which muscle type is voluntary? A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Cardiac D. None

Skeletal

36. Which muscle closes the eyelids? A. Orbicularis oris B. Orbicularis oculi C. Masseter D. Zygomaticus

Orbicularis oculi

37. Which muscle is responsible for chewing? A. Sternocleidomastoid B. Deltoid C. Masseter D. Trapezius

Masseter

38. Which muscle extends the forearm? A. Biceps brachii B. Triceps brachii C. Deltoid D. Pectoralis major

Triceps brachii

39. Which muscle is called the 'calf muscle'? A. Soleus B. Tibialis anterior C. Gastrocnemius D. Sartorius

Gastrocnemius

40. Which is the longest muscle in the body? A. Sartorius B. Rectus femoris C. Biceps femoris D. Gracilis

Sartorius

41. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle

Left ventricle

42. What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? A. Arteries B. Veins C. Capillaries D. Venules

Arteries

43. Which blood cells fight infections? A. Red blood cells B. White blood cells C. Platelets D. Plasma cells

White blood cells

44. What is the universal donor blood type? A. O+ B. O- C. AB+ D. AB-

O-

45. What is the universal recipient blood type? A. O+ B. O- C. AB+ D. AB-

AB+

46. Which component of blood is responsible for clotting? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells

Platelets

47. What is the normal average heart rate for an adult at rest? A. 40–60 bpm B. 60–100 bpm C. 100–120 bpm D. 120–140 bpm

60–100 bpm

48. Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle? A. Tricuspid B. Pulmonary C. Bicuspid (Mitral) D. Aortic

Bicuspid (Mitral)

49. Which artery is the largest in the body? A. Carotid B. Pulmonary C. Aorta D. Femoral

Aorta

50. Which blood vessels are the site of nutrient and gas exchange? A. Arteries B. Veins C. Capillaries D. Venules

Capillaries

51. Which muscle is the primary driver of breathing? A. Intercostal B. Diaphragm C. Pectoralis major D. Abdominals

Diaphragm

52. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea? A. Larynx B. Epiglottis C. Uvula D. Pharynx

Epiglottis

53. Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? A. Bronchi B. Bronchioles C. Alveoli D. Pleura

Alveoli

54. What is the common name for the larynx? A. Voice box B. Windpipe C. Throat D. Epiglottis

Voice box

55. Which lung is larger? A. Left B. Right C. Both equal D. Depends on body size

Right

56. What substance reduces surface tension in the alveoli? A. Mucus B. Surfactant C. Water D. Plasma

Surfactant

57. Which part of the brain controls breathing rate? A. Cerebellum B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebrum D. Hypothalamus

Medulla oblongata

58. What is the normal respiratory rate for a healthy adult? A. 6–10 breaths/min B. 12–20 breaths/min C. 20–30 breaths/min D. 30–40 breaths/min

12–20 breaths/min

59. Which structure carries air into each lung? A. Trachea B. Bronchi C. Bronchioles D. Alveoli

Trachea

60. What is inflammation of the bronchi called? A. Bronchitis B. Pneumonia C. Asthma D. Emphysema

Bronchitis

61. Where does protein digestion begin? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

Stomach

62. Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch? A. Amylase B. Lipase C. Pepsin D. Maltase

Amylase

63. What is the longest part of the digestive tract? A. Esophagus B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

Small intestine

64. Which organ produces insulin? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Gallbladder D. Stomach

Pancreas

65. Which part of the small intestine is the first section? A. Ileum B. Jejunum C. Duodenum D. Cecum

Duodenum

66. Which organ stores glycogen and detoxifies blood? A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Gallbladder D. Kidney

Liver

67. Which sphincter regulates passage of food into the stomach? A. Cardiac B. Pyloric C. Anal D. Esophageal

Pyloric

68. Which vitamin is produced in the large intestine? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin K

Vitamin K

69. What is the main site of nutrient absorption? A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Esophagus

Small intestine

70. What is the wave-like muscle movement that moves food? A. Segmentation B. Peristalsis C. Churning D. Swallowing

Peristalsis

71. What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? A. Axon B. Neuron C. Synapse D. Ganglion

Neuron

72. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla D. Thalamus

Cerebellum

73. Which part of a neuron receives signals? A. Axon B. Dendrites C. Myelin sheath D. Node of Ranvier

Dendrites

74. Which nerve is the longest in the body? A. Vagus B. Sciatic C. Optic D. Median

Sciatic

75. Which lobe of the brain is responsible for vision? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Occipital D. Parietal

Occipital

76. What is the gap between neurons called? A. Synapse B. Axon terminal C. Dendrite D. Myelin gap

Synapse

77. Which part of the brain regulates temperature? A. Cerebellum B. Hypothalamus C. Medulla D. Pons

Hypothalamus

78. What protects the brain and spinal cord? A. Meninges B. Cartilage C. Ligaments D. Fascia

Meninges

79. Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary movement? A. Autonomic B. Somatic C. Parasympathetic D. Sympathetic

Somatic

80. Which cells form myelin in the central nervous system? A. Schwann cells B. Oligodendrocytes C. Astrocytes D. Microglia

Oligodendrocytes

81. Which gland is called the 'master gland'? A. Thyroid B. Pituitary C. Adrenal D. Pineal

Pituitary

82. Which hormone regulates metabolism? A. Insulin B. Thyroxine C. Cortisol D. Estrogen

Thyroxine

83. Which gland produces melatonin? A. Pituitary B. Pineal C. Hypothalamus D. Thyroid

Pineal

84. Which hormone lowers blood sugar? A. Glucagon B. Insulin C. Cortisol D. Adrenaline

Insulin

85. Which glands sit on top of the kidneys? A. Thyroid B. Adrenal C. Pituitary D. Parathyroid

Adrenal

86. Which hormone triggers the 'fight or flight' response? A. Cortisol B. Adrenaline C. Glucagon D. Insulin

Adrenaline

87. Which gland regulates calcium levels? A. Pituitary B. Parathyroid C. Pineal D. Thymus

Parathyroid

88. Which hormone is produced by the testes? A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Progesterone D. FSH

Testosterone

89. Which gland is located in the neck? A. Thyroid B. Pituitary C. Pineal D. Adrenal

Thyroid

90. Which hormone is responsible for milk production? A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. Estrogen D. Progesterone

Prolactin

91. What is the functional unit of the kidney? A. Nephron B. Glomerulus C. Loop of Henle D. Collecting duct

Nephron

92. Which organ stores urine? A. Kidney B. Ureter C. Bladder D. Urethra

Bladder

93. Which structure carries urine from kidney to bladder? A. Urethra B. Ureter C. Nephron D. Glomerulus

Ureter

94. What is the outer layer of the kidney called? A. Cortex B. Medulla C. Capsule D. Hilum

Cortex

95. Which reproductive organ produces eggs? A. Ovary B. Testis C. Uterus D. Fallopian tube

Ovary

96. Where does fertilization usually occur? A. Ovary B. Uterus C. Fallopian tube D. Cervix

Fallopian tube

97. Which hormone triggers ovulation? A. LH B. FSH C. Estrogen D. Progesterone

LH

98. Which male gland produces seminal fluid? A. Prostate B. Testis C. Penis D. Urethra

Prostate

99. What is the site of fetal development? A. Ovary B. Uterus C. Cervix D. Vagina

Uterus

100. What is the process of sperm production called? A. Oogenesis B. Spermatogenesis C. Fertilization D. Implantation

Spermatogenesis