ARCH History 2315 Exam 4 Review(2025 TTU)

Chiswick House

1725

near London

Lord Burlington

Mount Airy

1755

Richmond County, Virginia

John Arris, master builder

Mount Vernon Plantation

1774-87

George Washington, using pattern books and his own drawings

Stourhead Gardens

Wiltshire, England

1750

Henry Hoare II

Example of reciprocal views

What is this and what is is an example of?

Africa House

Melrose Plantation

Louisiana

c. 1830

Example of African influence in plantation architecture

What is this and what is is an example of?

Slave houses

Mulberry Plantation

Berkeley County, South Carolina

c. 1750

Example of African influence in plantation architecture

What is this and what is is an example of?

Slave houses

Magnolia Plantation

Charleston County, South Carolina

c. 1850

Example of two-family type of slave quarter

What is this and what is is an example of?

Reconstructed slave quarters, Carters Grove

Plantation,

Williamsburg Virginia

c. 1740

Example of a barracks type of quarter,

What is this and what is is an example of?

Slave Quarters,

c. 1840

McLeod Plantation

Charleston, SC

Example of single-family slave quarter

What is this and what is is an example of?

Virginia State Capitol

1785

Richmond, VA

Thomas Jefferson

Monticello

1775-1826

Charlottesville, VA

Thomas Jefferson

Rotunda, University of Virginia

1818

Charlottesville, VA

Thomas Jefferson

University of Virginia, plan

1818

Charlottesville, VA

Thomas Jefferson

U.S. Capitol

Washington, DC

1792

William Thornton

Baltimore Cathedral

Baltimore

1806

Benjamin Latrobe

First Bank of Pennsylvania

Philadephia

1798

Benjamin Latrobe

Second Bank of the United States

Philadephia

1819

William Strickland

Tennessee State Capital

Nashville

1845

William Strickland

Altes Museum

Berlin

1825

Karl Friedrich Schinkel

St. Giles

1845

Cheadle, England

Augustus Pugin

Houses of Parliament

1840

London, England

Charles Barry

Interiors by Pugin

1. Asymmetric composition

2. Winding paths

3. Reciprocal vistas

4. Water features

5. Techniques for incorporating 'real' landscapes beyond the garden's actual limits, thus blurring the distinctions between the composed and the natural, between art and nature.

Major Landscape Architects are:

1. Capability Brown

2. William Kent

3. John Repton

What are the characteristics of the Picturesque Garden?

• Increased trade in the Atlantic world disrupted society. Look at the Map of the Atlantic Trade. The map represents also the dislocation that people of like social status felt. Traveling these routes, people looked for other people of like social/economic class.

• With so many people on the move, it was difficult to identify people of your social class.

• Neo-Palladianism became a visual language, one of the ways that people of the upper classes could identify one another.

• Neo-Palladianism spread throughout the Atlantic with the help of pattern books.

Explain the role of pattern books in the spread of Neo-Palladianism and how it was a visual language throughout the Atlantic World.

• Maison Carrée precedent.

• Jefferson was America's diplomat to France and he visited the Maison Carrée

• Jefferson associated the classical tradition with the Roman Republic and its

democratic/republican form of government.

• Jefferson thus thought that the classical style was the most appropriate for the new American republic, and the classical became the dominant style for government buildings.

Explain Thomas Jefferson's Virginia State Capitol, its precedent and the reason Jefferson advocated the classical style for the new Republic.

Precedents: Palladian Villa; Chateau Marly; Pantheon in Rome

•The Rotunda, the hierarchical element was the Library; Temple to Knowledge:

•UVA is a public school for a new republic that had separation of church and state.

•Jefferson deliberately placed the Library at the head of the Lawn, rather than a chapel, because UVA is a state school and the Constitution provided for separation between Church and State.

•The Rotunda is the "Temple of Knowledge" because it symbolically shows Enlightenment Rationalism trumps religious superstition.

•Democracy can only survive if the people are educated so that they can think critically about the issues confronting their communities and the nation.

Explain the Jefferson's design for UVA and the Rotunda, includes.

•Formal analysis: U-shaped, 5-part with central pavilions, flanked by barchesse (wings), and end pavilions.

•Monticello is a villa, center of a farm, just like Palladio's villas.

•BUT, its barchesse (wings) house slave services. The major difference between a Palladian villa and Monticello is the economic system of slavery.

•Jefferson tried to make his slaves as invisible as possible - to hide them from sight as they served him and guests.

Jeffersons adaptation of Palladio's villa type to a slave economy Included:...