Topic 8
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15 Terms
fertility rate
the number of births per thousand women of child-bearing age per year
crude birth rate (CBR)
number of births per thousand individuals in a population per year
immigration rate
the number of immigrants per thousand people per year
crude death rate (CDR)
the number of deaths per thousand individuals in a population per year
emigration rate
the number of emigrants per thousand people per year
natural increase rate (NIR)
the rate of human growth expressed as a percentage change per year
doubling time
the time in years that it takes for a population to double in size
total fertility rate
the average number of children each woman has over her lifetime
life expectancy
the average number of years that a person can be expected to live
urbanisation
the population shift from rural to urban areas
sustainable cities
consider social, environmental, economic impacts as well as human comfort and mental health
air pollution
particles and gases from natural and anthropogenic sources that are suspended in air
primary pollutants
emitted directly from a process
secondary pollutants
formed when primary pollutants undergo a variety of reactions with other chemicals present in the atmosphere