Year 10 and Year 9 Physics Versiion For ABRITI

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9th

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192 Terms

1
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Refraction is

when light waves change direction when they pass from one medium to another

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Waves travel

at different speeds through different densities

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Higher density =

slower wave

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Reflection- Angle of incidence=

angle of reflection

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3 primary colours of light

red blue green

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Red + Blue =

Magenta

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Red + Green =

Yellow

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Blue + Green =

Cyan

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Blue + Green + Red =

White

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why does a white shirt look white

because it reflects all colors of light

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why does a red shirt look red

because it reflects the red light and absorbs the green and blue light

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why does a green shirt look green

Because it absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light

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why does a black blazer look black

because it absorbs all light

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the 2 types of wave

Transverse, longitudinal

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<p>Examples of transverse waves include</p>

Examples of transverse waves include

Light waves, radio waves

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<p>Examples of longitudinal waves include</p>

Examples of longitudinal waves include

Sound waves, seismic P waves

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the wave equation

Wave speed = frequency X wavelength

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Frequency

How many whole waves in a second

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Amplitude

is the distance from the centre line (or the still position) to the top of a crest or to the bottom of a trough .

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Wavelength

The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two waves

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A light wave bend towards the normal when

When light passes from a less dense to a more dense substance, (for example passing from air into water)

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a light wave bends away from the normal when

When light passes from a more dense to a less dense substance,

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<p>magnification =</p>

magnification =

image height

object height

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Types of energy stores

thermal kinetic nuclear chemical gravitational elastic electrostatic magnetic

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energy transferes are

mechanisms which allow energy to be moved from one location to another

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Weight =

mass X gravity

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Mass

is a measure of how much of an object there is and how mard is it to accelerate

28
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Force

mg

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GPE

mgh

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work =

force X distance

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Kinetic energy

½ mv²

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Hookes law

The extension of a spring is directly proportional through the origin to the force applied, provided irs limit of proportionality is not exceeded

33
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Hookes law equation

F = K X e

K=spring constant in N/m

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Power =

work/time

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Power also equals

Energy transfered/time

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efficency =

useful power/total power input

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38
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When a current floes through a wire

a magnetic field is created around it

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aNticlockwise

North

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clockwise

south

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LEFT hand grip rule

Thumb-Force , second-field, third-current

42
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The motor effect

when a current flows through a magnetic field it will experience a force and it will move

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Why do we get movement WITH THE MOTOR EFFECT

A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE WILL HAVE A MAGNETIC FEILD AROUD IT. THIS FEILD WILL INTERACT WITH THE MAGNETS AND BE PUSHED OUT OF THE FEILLD

<p>A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE WILL HAVE A MAGNETIC FEILD AROUD IT. THIS FEILD WILL INTERACT WITH THE MAGNETS AND BE PUSHED OUT OF THE FEILLD</p>
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The biggest effect will be when

the current and field are at right angled to each other

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If the current and field are parallel there will be

no force

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The electric bell

the current flows from the electromagnet because there is a complete circuit. This causes the iron core to become magnet and it attracts the soft iron armature this makes the hammer hit the gong.

<p>the current flows from the electromagnet because there is a complete circuit. This causes the iron core to become magnet and it attracts the soft iron armature this makes the hammer hit the gong.</p><p></p>
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The motor effect 3

A wire carrying a current creates a magnetic field . This can interact with another magnetic field, causing a force that pushes the wire at right angles.

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An electro magnet

An electro magnet is a temporary magnet made by winding wire around an iron core.

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Charge=

current x time

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like charges

Different charges

REPEL

ATTRACT

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Radial field

As you move away from the sphere the feild gets weaker

negitive sphere, - out + in

plus sphere, -in +out

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Charge is measured in

Coulombs

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Current is the

measure of the movement of charge and is measured in amps (coulombs per second)

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Ametre

measures how much charge is moving around a current

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Voltmetre

measure of p.d this is the measure of energy a cells gives to the charge§

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Resistor

Resistance is a measure of hoe hard it is for current to flow through a component , measured in ohms.

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V=

IR

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IV Graph filament bulb

knowt flashcard image

<p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/ba503f72-2d6d-4f6a-be3f-77444e7413fb.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="150" height="150"></p>
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Diode

knowt flashcard image

<p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/baae3f95-6708-45e5-bfa6-2d2639f8f70f.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="150" height="150"></p>
60
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Light dependant resistor

As the light intensity increases the resistance falls

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IV experiment

Variable resistor, bulb, ammeter in series, voltmeter in parallel

Change current and measure the P.d

knowt flashcard image

<p>Variable resistor, bulb, ammeter in series, voltmeter in parallel </p><p>Change current and measure the P.d</p><p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/4e076643-a98f-42ed-8b77-e8aaa37f5287.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="260" height="260"></p>
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Thermosistors

As temprature increases resistance falls

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Ohmic resistor

knowt flashcard image

<p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/fe5c00e6-556e-4f72-8084-c95e48ef5b4a.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="150" height="150"></p>
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LED graph

knowt flashcard image

<p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/cd307e54-4239-459d-9da1-db9d679c8f2b.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="150" height="150"></p>
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Series more bulbs=

more resistance

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Parallel more bulbs =

more current and less resistance

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Resistance in series and NO. of bulbsknowt flashcard image

Graph goes up

Not straight because bulbs are less bright and cold.

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Resistance in parallel and NO. of bulbs

knowt flashcard image

<p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/12f6c3ba-4d80-48b6-8a23-7f192395d4a3.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="150" height="150"></p>
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Series

resisatance can be added, current same everywhere, potential differences add to supply.

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Parallel

Potential difference = same for all resistors, total current = all current added together.

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Parallel Rtotal =

V/I total.

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Using a LDR to measure light intensity

knowt flashcard image

<p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/643cbbd5-bfea-49fd-b12b-1545518652de.jpeg" alt="knowt flashcard image" width="150" height="150"></p>
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V =

E/Q

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Energy transfered =

Charge x P.D

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P=

E/T

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I=

Q/T

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Power =

I² x R

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density =

mass/ volume

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Density Eureka Can experiment

use balace to measure mass, submerge object into eureka can with water in it with a measuring cylinder underneath the spout, record the volume of water in the cylinder, work out density with d=m/v formula

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Density of a liqiud

place measuring cylinder on balance and zero it. pour 10ml of liquid into cylinder and measure the mass, pour another 10ml and record total volume and mass, repeat process until measuring glass full, for each measurement find density, take an average, to get an accurate density.

81
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Ray Box Experiment

Place transparent block on paper, trace around it, Use ray box to shine laser through it, trace incident ray band mark where it emerges, remove block and join up lines, measure anglw of incidence and refraction, repeat with other materials,

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Types of lenses

Concave/ diverging and Convex/ converging

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Uses for concave lenses

telescopes, binoculars,

84
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Uses for convex lenses

microscopes, camera

85
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2 types of magnet

permanant and induced,

86
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field line arrows go

north to south

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induced magnets are only magnetised

when in another magnetic field

88
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what is an electromagnet

a metal core with a coil of wire around it and current flowing through it

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Solenoid

coil of wire

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How to increase power of elecromagnet

increase coils and increase current flowing through it

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Uses of electromagnets

scrap yards, in circuits,

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How loudspeakers work

ac current sent through coil of wire attached to base of a paper cone, coil surrounds one pole of magnet, and is surrounded by the other pole, so current causes force on wire, causes cone to move, when current reverses force acts in opposite direction, variation and curent causes cone to vibrate and air which causes sound.

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Order of EM waves

radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultra violet, x rays, gamma,

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Ripple tank

set up ripple tank make sure rod touches the water, turn on increasing frequency until low frequency waves can be seen, distance between each wave = one wavelength, measure waves that are 10 wavelengths apart, divide distance by 10,

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range of sound

20Hz- 20kHz

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Sound is causes by

objects vibrating

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ultrasound

UV waves can pass through the body but when it reaches 2 different medias some of the waves are reflected back.

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Ultrasound uses

babies, finding cracks, unterwater exploration.

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Ultrasound unterwater question

distance = speed x time, halve distance

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radio waves made

by oscillating charges