UNIT REVIEW GLOBAL SETTLEMENT

Flashcards on Population, Settlement, and Sustainability

Population

The number of people living in a region.

Demography

The study of human populations.

Growth Rate

The number showing how fast a population is increasing or decreasing.

Positive Growth Rate

Indicates the population is growing.

Negative Growth Rate

Indicates the population is shrinking.

Birth Rate

The number of live births per thousand people per year.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per thousand people per year.

Migration Rate

The number of people that move to the area or leave the area each year.

Population Pyramid

Displays data by showing the various age groups in a population, usually separated by gender.

Workforce

Found in the middle of the population pyramid, in between both dependency loads.

Dependency Load

Varying from elders and children, found at the top and bottom of the pyramid

'Baby Boom'

The generation that was born after WW2.

Population Distribution

The patterns created by settlements.

Dispersed

Population is spread out over a large area, like farms and rural areas.

Linear

Population is arranged along a line. For example, houses along a river or road.

Nucleated/Clustered

Population is clustered tightly together; usually in a small area like cities.

Population Density

The number of people in a given area.

Hamlet

Fewer than 100 people.

Village

Between 100-1000 people.

Town

Between 1000-100,000 people.

City

More than 100,000 people.

Natural Factors

Factors created by the environment that influence where people live.

Human Factors

Factors created by humans that also influence where people live.

Arable Land

An area with fertile, gentle slopes and climate that is good for farming and growing crops.

Climate Change

The long-term change in Earth’s climate, mostly caused by human actions like burning fossil fuels.

Urbanization

When people move from the countryside to cities, usually for jobs, education, or a better quality of life.

Urban Sprawl

When cities spread out into surrounding land, leading to more traffic, pollution, and loss of farmland and nature.

Light Pollution

When too much artificial light brightens the night sky, disrupting sleep, confusing animals, and making it hard to see stars.

Smog

Caused by air pollution from cars and factories, and it can lead to breathing issues, especially for people with asthma.

Infrastructure

Things like roads, electricity, water systems, and sewage that help a city run smoothly.

Slum

A crowded, poor neighborhood with unsafe housing, no clean water, and little access to basic services.

Stakeholder

Anyone who’s affected by a decision, like local residents, government officials, or businesses.

Sustainability

Using resources in a way that doesn’t harm the planet or future generations.

Three Pillars of Sustainability

Environmental (nature), social (people), and economic (money and jobs).