Year 9 Humanities - WW1

The massacres

The argument over who owned what led to the frontier wars, which lasted from 1788 to the 1930s. These wars also led to attacks where mass murder occurred.

White Australia Policy

An attempt to keep all non - Europeans out of the country. However, the multicultural people already in the country served a particular purpose.

M

Militarism - the policy of a country developing powerful weapons and military forces - for defence or attack

A

Alliances - Agreements between two or more countries

Triple Alliance

Austria - Hungary

Germany

Italy

Triple Entente

France

Britain

Russia

I

Imperialism - The policy of a country expanding it’s empire

N

Nationalism - a strong loyalty to one’s country and a belief that its needs are more important

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

He was the heir to the Austro Hungarian throne and assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. This escalated the tensions between the two countries, leading to Austro Hungary attacking Serbia.

Before Gallipoli

Soldiers were trained in Egypt

Why Gallipoli?

The Ottoman empire, which Turkey was apart of, had joined the enemy forces and their was fear that they would invade Russia

Entry of the war

The 25th of April 1915 onto the beach, the Turks were atop the mountains surrounding the beach, leaving the ANZACS exposed to heavy gunfire - 600 soldiers were killed

August 6 - 10

Lone Pine - Australian forces captured Turkish trenches so British and New Zealand could attack forces elsewhere. There were 2000 casualties.

August 7

The nek - The ANZACS attempted to capture Turkish Fortifications - killed 234 Australian troops

December 19 - 20

Withdrawal - They evacuated overnight, without a single casualty

Gallipoli conditions

Trenches were steaming hot in the summer and freezing cold in winter. They also flooded, filled with dead bodies and rats.

Significance to Australia

Known as an operation of great loss and defeat. However, it depicted great bravery and gave Australia a great sense of identity.

Enlistment

At first many men enlisted because

war was glorified

a chance to travel

a chance to prove our country to the rest of the world

to get away from home and responsibilities

to earn money

Conscription Debate

Once the realities of war were revealed, many men didn’t want to go but Britain needed more soldiers. So the idea of giving men no choice arised.

Vote Yes Campaign

Britain needed support

Other soldiers needed help

Other allies had done the same

Australia needed to protect their reputation

Billy Hughes held two plebiscites to push the ‘Yes’ vote

Vote No Campaign

There couldn’t be conscription for working class and not privileged classes

No one has the right to send another to be killed

Who would do the work back home

Too many Australians had already been wounded or killed

Modern warfare

Machine guns

Tanks

Flame Throwers

Fighter Jets

Poisonous gas

Shrapnel bomb